The Day of Sabbaths - as clearly revealed by the Syriac Peshitta

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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)

Created 5941_[(?)] 09 15 2027 [2010-12-22]

Last edited 5941_[(?)] 09 18 2027 [2010-12-25]

Updated 5925_[(*??*)] 10 17 2029 [2013-01-29] – Revising Acts 16:13 from “the Day of the Sabbaths” to “Day of the Sabbaths.”

Revised 5925_[(*??*)] 12 22 2029 [2013-04-04] – Revising Matt 12:11 from “the Day of Sabbaths” to “the Sabbaths,” and associated footnotes.

Completely revised 5925_[(*??*)] 12 28 2029 [2013-04-09] – Correcting my mistakes re plural vs singular, and re the definite article, in the Aramaic/Syriac language as it pertains to “the Sabbath day,” “the Day of the Sabbath,” “the Day of the Sabbaths,””the Day of Sabbaths,” etc.. Cf. prior version. To see all the changes of this revision highlighted, please cf. this link!

Addition 5925_[(*??*)] 12 29 2029 [2013-04-10] – Item #11, including also the corresponding changes in the Abstract.

The Day of the Sabbaths

the Day of the Sabbath

in the New Testament

- as evidenced by the Syriac Peshitta after considering also Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew –

over and above that which I’ve been previously able to discern from the Greek Textus Receptus…

Please notice in particular item #9 below and its footnote!

Abstract:

At this point in my learning curve I find the following:

1. Without support from either 1) the OT, 2) Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew, or 3) from the Syriac Peshitta, but, with support from 1) the context, and 2) from my own NT chronology findings respectively, two separate passages within the Greek Textus Receptus and other Greek MS (Luke 4:16 and Acts 16:13) are using a unique term exclusively pointing to the Day of the Sabbaths, that is, to the Day of Pentecost. That is, the term “τη^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^DSF ημερα^G²²⁵⁰^N^-^DSF των^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^GPN σαββατων^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^GPN,” meaning “the Day of the Sabbaths.”

2. The Syriac Peshitta term “@ZAYC @NEI,” literally “the day of the Sabbath,” is, in an apparently limited sense, a general term for “Sabbath day,” “the Day of the Sabbath,” etc.:

a. In three (3) out of eleven instances in the NT it is being used in reference to the Day of Pentecost[1] (1, 2, 3.) Cf. Luke 4:16, Acts 13:14, and Acts 16:13.

b. In three (3) out of eleven instances in the NT it is being used in reference to the Seventh-day Sabbath that is also the 1^st of 50 days within the Counting of Omer towards Hag HaShavuot, the Day of Pentecost. Cf. Luke 13:14, 16, and John 19:31.

c. In three (3) out of eleven instances in the NT it is being used in reference to the first out of seven Sabbaths (2^nd of 8) in the reckoning of Omer towards (2x,) or else in a general sense at the time of (1x,) Hag HaShavuot, the Day of Pentecost. Cf. Luke 14:1, 5, and Matt 12:11.

d. In two (2) out of eleven instances in the NT it is being used by Yeshua at the time of the Feast of Tabernacles, albeit in a general sense. Cf. John 7:23.

3. For the sake of comparison, the Syriac Peshitta search word “@ZAY*“ (meaning “the Sabbath”) as used in Davar3, produces 63 hits total for the NT.

4. In conclusion, one might seem justified in saying that, at the very least, the Syriac Peshitta term “@ZAYC @NEI,” is being used for the purpose of giving reference to any very special Seventh Day Sabbath. Perhaps it carries much the same meaning as “a high day” as referenced in John 19:31?!

Considerations:

This extensive revision is prompted by my learning a little more re Aramaic grammar. Specifically re plural, singular, and re the emphatic/definite article:

"In BA [Biblical Aramaic] there are three states of the noun: absolute, construct, and emphatic. The first two function like their BH [Biblical Hebrew] counterparts and need little discussion. The emphatic state always denotes determination in BA. It corresponds to the BH noun (in the absolute state) with the definite article. Some grammarians prefer to state the matter in another way, namely, that whereas the BH article is prepositive, the BA definite article is postpositive: e.g. "the king": BH הַמֶלֶךְ, BAמַלְכָּא .” (A Short Grammar of Biblical Aramaic, by Alger F. Johns)

“The most important difference between Hebrew and Aramaic is the use of the ubiquitous דּor דִּי. This can introduce speech (as ὅτι), and also fulfills all the functions of Hebrew אַשֶׁר. It is also regularly used between two nouns to form a genitive construction.” (Outline of Aramaic Grammar, by P.J. Williams)

Upon doing a search in the Syriac Peshitta for the Aramaic words “@ZAYC @NEI,” meaning “the Day of the Sabbath,” I found 9 NT passages and 10 hits, as follows:

Matthew 12:11 Syriac Peshitta

CG @AXR DL ZI@C @XAB OEKPN EPN OEDL XN@ OIC ED

:DL MIWNE CG@ @L @ZAYC @NEIA @XAGA LTP O@E

Matthew 12:11 TLT[2] And he said unto them, What man shall there be among you, that shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the day of the Sabbath,[3] will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out?

Matthew 12:11 TLT[4] And he said unto them, Who among you has a sheep that falls into a pit on the day of the Sabbath and does not raise it up?

Matthew 12:10 KJV And, behold, there was a man which had his hand withered. And they asked him, saying, Is it lawful to heal on the sabbath days? that they might accuse him.

Matthew 12:11 KJV And he said unto them, What man shall there be among you, that shall have one sheep, and if it fall into a pit on the sabbath day,[5] will he not lay hold on it, and lift it out?

Matthew 12:11 GNT-TR+ ο δε ειπεν αυτοις τις εσται εξ υμων ανθρωπος ος εξει προβατον εν και εαν εμπεση τουτο τοις^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^DPN σαββασιν^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^DPN εις βοθυνον ουχι κρατησει αυτο και εγερει

Luke 4:16 Syriac Peshitta

CRNC @PKI@ LRE IAXZ@C @KI@ ZXVPL @Z@E

:@XWNL MWE @ZAYC @NEIA @ZYEPKL @ED

Luke 4:16 TLT-TR And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the Day of the Sabbaths,[6] and stood up for to read.

Luke 4:16 TLT-SP And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the day of the Sabbath,[7] and stood up for to read.

Luke 4:16 KJV And he came to Nazareth, where he had been brought up: and, as his custom was, he went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and stood up for to read.

Luke 4:16 GNT-TR+ και ηλθεν εις την ναζαρεθ ου ην τεθραμμενος και εισηλθεν κατα το ειωθος αυτω εν τη^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^DSF ημερα^G²²⁵⁰^N^-^DSF των^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^GPN σαββατων^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^GPN εις την συναγωγην και ανεστη αναγνωναι

3-4

Luke 13:10 Syriac Peshitta

:@ZYEPK ON @CGA @ZAYA REYI SLN OIC CK

Luke 13:14 Syriac Peshitta

@ZY @YPKL XN@E REYI @ZAYA IQ@C LR ZNGZN CK @ZYEPK AX OIC @PR

:@ZAYC @NEIA @LE OIQ@ZN OIZ@ OEZIED OEDA GLTNL @LE OEDAC OINEI OEP@

Luke 13:16 Syriac Peshitta

@XQRPNZ @D @VXWLK@ DXQ@E MDXA@C ID DZXAC OIC @CD

:@ZAYC @NEIA @IXEQ@ @PD ON @XZYZC @ED @LE @L OIPY

Luke 13:14 TLT And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day,[8] and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the Day of the Sabbath.[9]

Luke 13:15 TLT The Lord then answered him, and said, Thou hypocrite, doth not each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the stall, and lead him away to watering?

Luke 13:16 TLT And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the Day of the Sabbath?

Luke 13:10 KJV And he was teaching in one of the synagogues on the sabbath.

Luke 13:14 KJV And the ruler of the synagogue answered with indignation, because that Jesus had healed on the sabbath day, and said unto the people, There are six days in which men ought to work: in them therefore come and be healed, and not on the sabbath day.[10]

Luke 13:15 KJV The Lord then answered him, and said, Thou hypocrite, doth not each one of you on the sabbath loose his ox or his ass from the stall, and lead him away to watering?

Luke 13:16 KJV And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day? [11]

Luke 13:14 GNT-TR+ αποκριθεις δε ο αρχισυναγωγος αγανακτων οτι τω σαββατω εθεραπευσεν ο ιησους ελεγεν τω οχλω εξ ημεραι εισιν εν αις δει εργαζεσθαι εν ταυταις ουν ερχομενοι θεραπευεσθε και μητη^G3588^T-DSF ημερα^G2250^N-DSF του^G3588^T-GSN σαββατου^G4521^N-GSN

Luke 13:16 GNT-TR+ ταυτην δε θυγατερα αβρααμ ουσαν ην εδησεν ο σατανας ιδου δεκα και οκτω ετη ουκ εδει λυθηναι απο του δεσμου τουτου τη^G3588^T-DSF ημερα^G2250^N-DSF του^G3588^T-GSN σαββατου^G4521^N-GSN

5-6

Luke 14:1 Syriac Peshitta

LEK@PC @YIXTC @YX ON CGC @ZIAL LR CKC @EDE

:DL EED OIXHP OEPDE @ZAYC @NEIA @NGL

Luke 14:5 Syriac Peshitta

@XAA DXEZ E@ DXA LTPC OEKPN EPN OEDL XN@E

:DL WQN @LC @CGN @LE @ZAYC @NEIA

Luke 14:1 TLT And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to eat bread on the Day of the Sabbath,[12] that they watched him.

Luke 14:5 TLT And answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the Day of the Sabbath?

Luke 14:1 KJV And it came to pass, as he went into the house of one of the chief Pharisees to eat bread on the sabbath day,[13] that they watched him.

Luke 14:5 KJV And answered them, saying, Which of you shall have an ass or an ox fallen into a pit, and will not straightway pull him out on the sabbath day[14]?

Luke 14:1 GNT-TR+ και εγενετο εν τω ελθειν αυτον εις οικον τινος των αρχοντων των φαρισαιων σαββατω^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^DSN φαγειν αρτον και αυτοι ησαν παρατηρουμενοι αυτον

Luke 14:5 GNT-TR+ και αποκριθεις προς αυτους ειπεν τινος υμων ονος η βους εις φρεαρ εμπεσειται και ουκ ευθεως ανασπασει αυτον εν τη^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^DSF ημερα^G²²⁵⁰^N^-^DSF του^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^GSN σαββατου^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^GSN

7-8

John 7:23 Syriac Peshitta

@QENP @XZYP @LC LHN @ZAYC @NEIA XFBZN @YPXA O@

:@ZAYC @NEIA ZNLG@ @YPXA DLKC OEZP@ OIPHX ILR @YENC

John 7:23 TLT If a man on the Day of the Sabbath[15] receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the Day of the Sabbath?[16]

John 7:23 KJV If a man on the sabbath day receive circumcision, that the law of Moses should not be broken; are ye angry at me, because I have made a man every whit whole on the sabbath day[17]?

John 7:23 GNT-TR+ ει περιτομην λαμβανει ανθρωπος εν σαββατω ινα μη λυθη ο νομος μωσεως εμοι χολατε οτι ολον ανθρωπον υγιη εποιησα εν σαββατω^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^DSN

John 19:31 Syriac Peshitta

LR OILD @XBT OEZEAP @L OIXN@ ZED @ZAEXRC LHN OIC @ICEDI

ERAE ID @ZAYC @NEI @AX XIB @ED @NEI @DBP @ZAYC LHN OEDITIWF

:OEP@ OEZGPE @TIWF OEPDC OEDIWY OEXAZPC QEHLIT ON

John 19:31 TLT The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the Sabbath day, (for that day was the seed[18] Day of the Sabbath,) besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

John 19:31 KJV The Jews therefore, because it was the preparation, that the bodies should not remain upon the cross on the sabbath day, (for that sabbath day was an high day,)[19] besought Pilate that their legs might be broken, and that they might be taken away.

John 19:31 GNT-TR+ οι ουν ιουδαιοι επει παρασκευη ην ινα μη μεινη επι του σταυρου τα σωματα εν τω^G3588^T-DSN σαββατω^G4521^N-DSNην γαρ μεγαλη^G3173^A-NSF η^G3588^T-NSF ημερα^G2250^N-NSF εκεινου^G1565^D-GSN του^G3588^T-GSN σαββατου^G4521^N-GSN ηρωτησαν τον πιλατον ινα κατεαγωσιν αυτων τα σκελη και αρθωσιν

Acts 13:14 Syriac Peshitta

הנון דין נפקו מן פרגא ואתו לאנטיכיא מדינתא דפיסידיא ועלו לכנושתא ויתבו ביומא ושבתא:

הנון דין נפקו מן פרגא ואתו לאנטיכיא מדינתא דפיסידיא ועלו לכנושתא ויתבו ביומא השבתא:[20]

Act 13:14 TLT-SP But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the Day of the Sabbath, and sat down.

Act 13:14 TLT-TR But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the Day of the Sabbaths, and sat down.

Act 13:14 KJV But when they departed from Perga, they came to Antioch in Pisidia, and went into the synagogue on the sabbath day, and sat down.

Act 13:14 αυτοι δε διελθοντες απο της περγης παρεγενοντο εις αντιοχειαν της πισιδιας και εισελθοντες εις την συναγωγην τη^G3588^T-DSF ημερα^G2250^N-DSF των^G3588^T-GPN σαββατων^G4521^N-GPN εκαθισαν

Acts 16:13 Syriac Peshitta

ONZC LHN @XDP CI LR @ZPICNC @RXZ ON XAL @ZAYC @NEIA OWTPE

:ONZ IED OYIPKC @YP MR OIED OILLNN OAZI CKE @ZELV ZIA @ED @FGZN

Acts 16:13 TLT-SP And on the Day of the Sabbath[21] we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither.

Acts 16:13 TLT-TR And on the Day of the Sabbaths[22] we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither.

Acts 16:13 KJV And on the sabbath[23] we went out of the city by a river side, where prayer was wont to be made; and we sat down, and spake unto the women which resorted thither.

Acts 16:13 τη τε^G⁵⁰³⁷^PRT ημερα^G²²⁵⁰^N^-^DSF των^G³⁵⁸⁸^T^-^GPN σαββατων^G⁴⁵²¹^N^-^GPN εξηλθομεν εξω της πολεως παρα ποταμον ου ενομιζετο προσευχη ειναι και καθισαντες ελαλουμεν ταις συνελθουσαις γυναιξιν

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[1] Please notice that the identification of the three Sabbaths, being referenced in these three passages, with the Day of Pentecost rests largely upon the Greek term and upon the plural of the Sabbath there being used. The chronology of the context of Luke 4:16 certainly does add some support to this identification as does also the event itself and the words read and spoken by Yeshua on that occasion, but that taken by itself is certainly not conclusive proof. The two passages in Acts have even less contextual evidence for a placement in time.

If the plural of the word “Sabbath” as found within the Greek translations of these passages of the available MSS are based exclusively upon the Syriac Peshitta then it goes without saying that they would be mistranslations and not reliable, but if they are being based upon a more solid foundation, currently unknown to me, then they are what they are.

[2] This translation is based upon the Syriac Peshitta alone. Considering the fact that Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew is not using the plural of the word “Sabbath” (as used in Luke 4:16 and Acts 16:13 of the Greek Textus Receptus text,) while yet using the genitive format reflected within the Syriac word “@ZAYC,” “of the Sabbath,” I no longer find support for translating Matt 12:11 in terms of the Day of Pentecost.

[3] After having carefully compared Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew with the Syriac Peshitta rendering (and with the Greek TR,) and after recognizing that the Jews’ observance of the sacrifice of Omer, and of Shavuot, on Nissan 16, or even on Nissan 15, or on a Sunday, is a modern invention without roots in Biblical times, I find that the Sabbath here referenced is a reference to any Sabbath, whether the Seventh Day of the week, or to one of the seven annual Sabbaths, or even to any Sabbath of the Jews or of men generally!

Furthermore, I have found that in 18 CE Hag HaOmer, the Waving of the Sheaf, and Hag HaShavuot, fell on the days indicated under this link. For my assessment of the date when these words were originated by Yeshua, please cf. this synopsis!

[4] This translation is based upon Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew, which Hebrew text I am convinced is a transcript, not a translation, of the original Hebrew text.

[5] Notice that KJV is using the singular case, just as is also Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew and the Syriac Peshitta. Is this an accidental correction in comparison to the Greek Textus Receptus version, which Greek version is using a plural? Notice also that the Greek text has dropped the word “day” which is found not only in KJV, but also in the Syriac Peshitta and in Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew! Cf. also Luke 4:16 below!

[6] Without finding support from either Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew or from the Syriac Peshitta, the Greek TR is here using plural. As such it provides some support to my prior contention that this event took place on Hag HaShavuot (within a year of Jubilee.) However, one must ask oneself whether the Greek rendering of the TR is based upon fact or else upon a translator’s own assumption! This use of the plural is all the more remarkable upon considering also that, in most instances, the same Greek translation of most other passages is using the singular! Cf. this link!

[7] Cf. footnote #5 and also this link!

[8] Per my current understanding, this was the Hag HaOmer Sabbath, that is, the day when the Waving of the Sheaf sacrifice was being brought. Cf. this link.

[9] Cf. this link!

[10] Notice that, in the Luke 13:14, 16 passage, the singular case of the word Sabbath is being used in KJV as well as in Textus Receptus and in the Syriac Peshitta. My former understanding of this passage being a reference to the Day of the Sabbaths, that is, to Pentecost is thereby voided! In contradistinction, please cf. Luke 4:16 above, most specifically the plural being used in the Greek TR!

[11] Cf. footnote #6!

[12] Cf. this link!

[13] Notice that here KJV is adding the definite article whereas a literal translation from the Greek Textus Receptus would be “a Sabbath.” In contradistinction, the Syriac Peshitta is using the emphatic state, that is, the definite article. Nevertheless, upon realizing that no one of the texts is using the plural, I find no support for translating this passage exclusively in terms of the Day of the Sabbaths, i.e. in terms of the Day of Pentecost!

[14] Cf. Luke 13:14, 16 above and the corresponding footnotes!

[15] Per John 7:2 Yeshua spoke these words at the feast of Tabernacles. I no longer find any reason for attaching this reference exclusively to the Day of Pentecost, nor to an event associated with the Pentecost.

Further, I find it interesting that the word “taber*” is found only once within each of the four gospels (KJV,) and that in the Syriac Peshitta the Aramaic word “דמטלא,” translated ‘of tabernacles’ is found only once in the entire NT. However, “*מטלא*” gives two hits (using Davar3,) including also Mark 9:7 and which word Younan is translating “overshadowing.” Matthew 17:4, Mark 9:5, and Luke 9:33 all use “מטלין” (found three times in the NT,) translated “tabernacles.” The Hebrew “טלא” means “cover(ing)” (Strong’s H2921-2922.)

[16] An important thing to consider here is this: What particular man is Yeshua here giving reference to? Is this a reference to either 1) the man with a withered hand, or 2) to one or both of the events recorded in Luke 13:11-21 and 14:1-6? Or else, 3) is this a reference to an event not specifically recorded in the Scriptures? It seems to me as though item #3 would be the easy cop out option, while item #1 doesn’t quite seem to fit Yeshua’s words “made a man every whit whole.” Furthermore, item #1 is an event that took place well over one year prior to this event, perhaps more than two years (if my present scenario [present scenario: ”5941_[(?)] 09 15 2027 [2010-12-22]”; cf. this link] is in error on that point?) But if this is a reference to item #2 above, then my present scenario is in error, because I’ve presently placed the events of item #2 at the Pentecost following this event, that is, in the summer of 18 CE. If true, then either one or the other of these events would have to be corrected in my scenario. [Well, this discovery was the beginning of this revised scenario as improved upon this.]

[17] Cf. Luke 14:1 and the corresponding KJV footnote!

[18] From the Hebrew “רב” meaning “increase, abundant” as in the embryo of a grain or seed (cf. Strong’s H7227, H7231! That is, the 1^st of 50 days towards Pentecost, towards the Day of the Sabbaths!)

Notice that the same word “רב” may also be thought of in terms of “ר,” ‘the head,’ of “ב,” the “house-hold,” thus also the Hebrew word ‘Rabbi.’ Cf. these pictograms of the ancient Hebrew Alphabet!

Thus, once again, the beginning, the head, of the counting towards the Day of the Sabbaths, the 50^th Day, Pentecost, is this very day (John 19:31; per KJV: “an high day,”) that Seventh-day Sabbath which is always found as one among the seven days of the Feast of Unleavened Bread.

How does this day relate to the out pouring of the Holy Spirit and the Latter Day Rain?

What does this inspired Writer have to share re this particular day and Yeshua Messiah / Jesus Christ, the First Fruits?

[19] As best I can tell the KJV is doing a fairly good job of making sense out of the Greek TR text. Even so, KJV is missing the point of this Sabbath being a reference to Day #1 of 50 towards the Day of the Sabbaths, i.e. towards Pentecost.

[20] A typo in the Syriac Peshitta of Davar3: Upon comparing the Arabic script of Acts 13:14 vs Acts 16:13 within Younan’s Interlinear Bible, and upon a comparison also with the Greek MSS, I find that “ושבתא” must certainly be an error for “השבתא.”

[21] Cf. this link!

[22] Cf. this link!

[23] Cf. Luke 4:16!