Additional Dated Events contributing towards a better understanding of the timeline in the N

Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)

Last edited 5928± 11 01 2024 [2008-01-11]

A Brief Outline

of Dated N.T. Events, and

of the Regnal Years and Dates of Roman

Emperors and Rulers

from Julius Caesar thru Domitian

contributing towards a better understanding

of the timeline in the N.T.:

Abstract:

Once the year of the Passover of Crucifixion is established it becomes an easy matter to place many other events more or less firmly in time. Under the guidance of Yahweh and based upon an 18 CE crucifixion, and/or upon 18± celestial events dated using astronomical tables, a number of New Testament events, various rulers over Israel and Judae, the War and the Destruction of Jerusalem, and also the Regnal Years and Dates of all Roman Emperors from Julius Caesar through Caesar Domitian, have been identified and dated. The complete details of this study may be found below this initial brief outline:

Miscellaneous New Testament events:

Roman Caesars and their reigns:

Roman Kings over Judea:

I. Herod’s the Great reign

i. Herod’s inauguration as king over Judea

§ Herod was inaugurated in Rome as king over Judea at the time for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, 46 BCE.

ii. Herod’s capture of Jerusalem

§ The capture of Jerusalem by Herod took place in his accession year prior to Tishri 22, 43 BCE, i.e. on Tishri 10, 43 BCE [September 13 or October 12 or 13, 43 BCE.]

iii. Herod’s two projects re the Jerusalem Temple and the beginning of the “46 years” in John 2:20

1. Herod’s first project re the temple in Jerusalem was a restoration and a partial rebuilding of it. This project was completed, from beginning to end, within Herod’s 15^th de jure year of reign, i.e. within Herod’s 15^th year (beginning Tishri 22, 32 BCE) following his inauguration in Rome as king over Judea at the time of Passover 46 BCE. (For all these dates and events please cf. this table!)

i. This same 15^th year of Herod’s de jure reign (concurrent with Herod’s 12^th de facto reign) is then also serving as the accession year preceding the 46 years referenced in Luke 2:20.

2. Herod’s second project re the temple in Jerusalem comprised a complete rebuilding of the temple from its foundations: “Herod, in the eighteenth year of his reign… undertook a very great work, that is, to build of himself the temple of God.” The beginning of Herod’s 18^th de facto year was Tishri 22, 26 BCE, which is the year when this project was begun. This project was finished in Herod’s 28^th de facto year of reign, thus comprising one accession year plus 10 additional years.

i. “The temple itself was built by the priests in a year and six months.” This was the first part of Herod’s 2^nd project re the temple in Jerusalem. It was finished in the 2^nd of said 10 years, i.e. it was finished prior to Passover 23 BCE.

a. A celebration and thanksgiving was held during the Feast of Unleavened Bread, 23 BCE: “6. But the temple itself was built by the priests in a year and six months; upon which all the people were full of joy; and presently they returned thanks, in the first place, to God; and in the next place, for the alacrity the king had showed. They feasted and celebrated this rebuilding of the temple… at the same time with this celebration for the work about the temple fell also the day of the king's inauguration, which he kept of an old custom as a festival, and it now coincided with the other, which coincidence of them both made the festival most illustrious.” (Josephus, The Antiquities of the Jews, XV:11:6.)

b. Based upon the above words of Josephus we are taught the timing for Herod the Great’s inauguration in Rome as king over Judea: The Feast of Unleavened Bread in 46 BCE.

c. Furthermore, and because the festivities associated with Adar and Esther, the queen, would not have been repeated in Adar II, i.e. if the “sixth months” would have included and Adar II, after some consideration I realized that, when reckoning the number of months of e.g. someone’s reign, Tishri 22 through the end of the month becomes an accession month, i.e. a month not counted, a naught, a zero! In other words, the number zero is consistently built into the biblical system of reckoning things! Zero is by no means a modern invention! To me such a discovery means a lot of work reviewing and revising my prior discoveries…

ii. The second part of this second project of Herod’s re the Jerusalem temple began upon the completion of “the temple itself,” i.e. in the 2^nd of said 10 years and in the year beginning on Tishri 22, 24 BCE. During this part of the project Herod “took care of the cloisters and the outer enclosures, and these he built in eight years.” “The entire building being accomplished: in the tenth year, the solemnity of it fell into the twenty-eighth year of Herod's reign, and into the hundred and ninety-second olympiad,” i.e. in the year beginning Tishri 22, 16 BCE and ending Tishri 21, 15 BCE.

3. The exact placement of the Olympiad calendar as based upon a statement of Origen and upon NASA’s lists of solar eclipses, is being confirmed by Josephus’ works, and the many dates he provides, all of which apparently fits perfectly into within revised chronology.

iv. Herod the Great’s death

§ Herod the Great’s died most likely on Schebat 2, 8 BCE. [January 14 or 15, 8 BCE.]

II. Agrippa’s (I) reign

§ Agrippa(I)’s rule began subsequent to Tishri 22, 23 CE, and ended within the civil year beginning on Tishri 22, 30 CE, some time subsequent to the Feast of Unleavened Bread in 31 CE [between April 3 and October 28, 31 CE.]

III. Agrippa Jr

§ Agrippa Jr was made governor over Chalcis in the year beginning Tishri 1, 34 CE

§ Agrippa Jr was given the tetrarchy of Philip and Batanea and more in the year beginning Tishri 1, 38 CE

§ Agrippa Jr became responsible for “a certain part of Galilee, Tiberias, and Tarichae” in the year beginning Tishri 22, 40 CE.

Roman Procurators ruling over Judea:

IV. Valerius Gratus’ reign; (including also the high priests Ananus, Ismael, Eleazar, Simon, and Joseph Caiaphas)

- Valerius Gratus reigned from shortly after Tiberius Caesar’s accession through the end of Tiberius Caesar’s 11^th year of reign.

V. Pontius Pilate’s reign

- Pontius Pilate’s reign started in Tiberius Caesar’s 12^th year of reign and ended in Tiberius Caesar’s 23^nd and last year of reign. Thus, the ten years that Pilate “tarried… in Judea” are concurrent with Tiberius Caesar’s 13^th through 22^nd years of reign.

VI. Cuspins Fadus’ reign

- Cuspins Fadus’ reign started within the year beginning Tishri 1, 29 CE.

VII. Tiberius Alexander

- Tiberius Alexander’s reign over Judea ended in the year beginning with Tishri 1, 33 CE

VIII. Cumanus

- Cumanus succeeded Tiberius Alexander in the year beginning with Tishri 1, 33 CE and finished it within the year beginning with Tishri 1, 37 CE.

IX. Felix

- Felix was “sent… to take care of the affairs of Judea” within the year beginning Tishri 37 CE

- Felix’ reign lasted until he was replaced by Festus very close to Tishri 1, 44 CE.

X. Festus

- Festus succeeded Felix on Tishri 1, 44 CE.

XI. Albinus

- Albinus was in Jerusalem in the middle of Tishri 46 CE and thus he replaced Festus when the latter died some time within the civil years beginning Tishri 1, 44 CE and 45 CE.

- The last year of Albinus and the accession year of Florus is the same year as Nero’s tenth year, i.e. the year starting Tishri 1, 48 CE.

XII. Gessius Florus

- Florus’ accession should be found within the sacred year beginning Aviv 1, 49 CE.

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