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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word
is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)
Created 5941[(?)]
08 17 2027 [2010-11-24]
Edited 5925[(*??*)] 08 23 2029
[2012-12-07]
Edited 5927[(*??*)] 02 08 2031 [2015-05-27]
- Added entry for 522 BCE, while modifying summary calculations accordingly.
When Did Aviv Begin in OT and NT
Times?
What Passages in the Scriptures are
Recordings of such Beginnings?
-
A Study in Progress:
(Therefore, please forgive me for any errors, whether
words remaining from past thinking and not yet corrected or thoughts of mine
that are still suffering from being in error until somehow I am given
additional rays of light!)
This study suggests that one important reason for mankind’s and each our tendency to wander away from the straight path of the Almighty, the Creator of all, is our failure to recognize the connection between the actual location of the Ark of the Covenant and the ripening of the aviv in that particular area, that is, for the purpose of determining the beginning of the number One month of the Scripture year.
Given that the only reasonably tangible claims of the current whereabouts of the Ark of the Covenant are those of the Priests at Axum in Ethiopia, and given also that the altitude of that locality is about 7,000 feet above sea level, may I suggest that there might be reason for some among us to begin inquiring, for purposes of accurately dating the annual feasts ordained in Leviticus 23, and the Scripture calendar generally, not only as to the time of the aviv ripening, but perhaps also as to the New Moon crescent observations?
At the very least I believe there is reason for us to study much more in depth the meaning and intent behind a number of words, passages, and specific instructions provided for us in the Torah. A few of the key passages that I am thinking of are quoted below, and of course I’ve found a host of generally unknown details pertaining to God’s own calendar as revealed and used in the Scriptures upon focusing on these things quite intently over close to a decade at this time…
Although my findings below may not be conclusive, that is, due to too small a sampling of exactly dated years and due to a lack of more precise data re the ripening of the aviv, I still find at least a suggestion or a hint that the aviv determinations behind the dates provided in the Holy Scriptures may have been based upon the actual location of the Ark of the Covenant and/or upon that specific area which is being tied to names such as Mt. Moriah, Jerusalem, etc..
Considerations:
At the outset, upon preparing this article, I thought I had discovered what appeared to me as though the beginning of Month #1, Aviv began considerably later than expected if aviv was searched for in all of the land of Israel. It seemed to me as though the beginning of Month #1, Aviv, had largely been based rather upon aviv found in the vicinity of Jerusalem, that is, in the higher altitudes where the barley ripens some time later than it does in warmer areas at a lower altitude, e.g. in the Jordan valley or in the Negev desert. (Cf. the red colored cells in the table below!)
The intent and objective of this article of mine is to study the Scriptures with an eye towards determining more fully, under the guidance of my Savior and Creator and His Holy Spirit, when exactly Aviv began in the past, and eventually also to determine more certainly how the Scripture defines the beginning of Month #1 in terms of e.g. what areas of land that are to be included in searches for aviv.
In particular I wish to receive light upon the meaning of the following passages of the Bible:
Deuteronomy 12:1 These are the statutes and
judgments, which ye shall observe to do in the land, which the LORD God of thy
fathers giveth thee to possess it, all the days that ye live upon the earth.
Deuteronomy 12:2 Ye shall utterly destroy all the places, wherein the
nations which ye shall possess served their gods, upon the high mountains, and
upon the hills, and under every green tree:
Deuteronomy 12:3 And ye shall overthrow their altars, and break their
pillars, and burn their groves with fire; and ye shall hew down the graven
images of their gods, and destroy the names of them out of that place.
Deuteronomy 12:4 Ye shall not do so unto the LORD your God.
Deuteronomy 12:5 But unto
the place which the LORD your God shall choose out of all your tribes to put
his name there, even unto his habitation shall ye seek, and thither thou
shalt come:
Deuteronomy 12:6 And thither ye shall bring your burnt offerings, and
your sacrifices, and your tithes, and heave offerings of your hand, and your
vows, and your freewill offerings, and the firstlings of your herds and of your
flocks:
Deuteronomy 12:7 And there ye shall eat before the LORD your God, and ye
shall rejoice in all that ye put your hand unto, ye and your households,
wherein the LORD thy God hath blessed thee.
Deuteronomy 12:8 Ye shall not do after all the things that we do here this day, every man whatsoever is
right in his own eyes.
Deuteronomy 12:9 For ye are not as yet come to the rest and to the
inheritance, which the LORD your God giveth you.
Deuteronomy 12:10 But when ye go over Jordan, and
dwell in the land which the LORD your God giveth you to inherit, and when
he giveth you rest from all your enemies round about, so that ye dwell in
safety;
Deuteronomy 12:11 Then there shall be a place which the LORD your God shall choose to cause
his name to dwell there; thither shall
ye bring all that I command you; your burnt offerings, and your sacrifices,
your tithes, and the heave offering of your hand, and all your choice vows
which ye vow unto the LORD:
Deuteronomy 12:12 And ye shall rejoice before the LORD your God, ye, and
your sons, and your daughters, and your menservants, and your maidservants, and
the Levite that is within your gates; forasmuch as he hath no part nor
inheritance with you.
Deuteronomy 12:13 Take heed to thyself that thou offer not thy burnt
offerings in every place that thou seest:
Deuteronomy 12:14 But in the place which the LORD shall choose in one of
thy tribes, there thou shalt offer thy burnt offerings, and there thou shalt do
all that I command thee.
1 Kings 14:22 And Judah did evil in the sight of the LORD, and they provoked him to jealousy with their sins
which they had committed, above all that their fathers had done.
1 Kings 14:23 For they also built them high places, and
images, and groves, on every
high hill, and under every green tree.
Psalms 72:16
There shall be an handful of
corn in the earth upon the top of the mountains; the fruit thereof shall shake like Lebanon: and they
of the city shall flourish like grass of the earth.
Isaiah 2:2 And it shall come to pass in the last days, that
the mountain of the LORD'S
house shall be established in the top of the mountains, and shall be exalted above the hills; and all nations
shall flow unto it.
Isaiah 2:3 And many people shall go and say, Come ye, and let us
go up to the mountain of the LORD, to the house of the God of Jacob; and he
will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for out of Zion shall go forth the law, and the
word of the LORD from Jerusalem.
Micah 4:1 But in the last days it shall come to pass, that
the mountain of the house of the LORD shall be established in the top of the mountains, and it shall be
exalted above the hills; and people
shall flow unto it.
Micah 4:2 And many nations shall come, and say, Come, and let us
go up to the mountain of the LORD, and to the house of the God of Jacob; and he
will teach us of his ways, and we will walk in his paths: for the law shall go forth of Zion, and the word
of the LORD from Jerusalem.
John 4:21 Jesus saith unto her, Woman, believe
me, the hour cometh, when ye shall neither in this mountain, nor yet at
Jerusalem, worship the Father.
Acts 8:27 And he arose and went: and, behold, a man of
Ethiopia, an eunuch of great authority under
Candace queen of the Ethiopians, who had the charge of all her treasure, and had
come to Jerusalem for to worship,
Act 8:28 Was returning, and sitting in his chariot
read Esaias the prophet.
Could it be that the actual location of the Ark of the Covenant is being referenced by Deuteronomy 12:5, 11 and that Zion, “in the sense of conspicuousness…; a monumental or guiding pillar” (Strong’s H6725,) as used in Isaiah 2:2-3, is pointing to the actual location of the Ark of the Covenant at any one particular time? Indeed, if it is true that the Ark of the Covenant was removed from Jerusalem by the son of Solomon and the Queen of Sheba at the end of Solomon’s reign and eventually brought to Ethiopia where it is being claimed to have been lodged since about 400 BCE, then could it be that this is what is being referenced and implied by Yeshua’s words as quoted in John 4:21? Could it be that the Ark of the Covenant was actually under the direct authority and trusteeship of the man of Ethiopia being referenced in Acts 8:27?
If the Ark of the Covenant was being hidden in the temple of the Jewish community at Elephantine in southern Egypt from 963 BCE until the Jewish community at Elephantine disappeared sometime after June 19, 400 BCE, if so, then, Is the lower altitude location of the Ark of the Covenant during that time being reflected by earlier Scriptural Abib beginnings for that era of time or not?
Could it be that the whereabouts of the Ark of the Covenant has remained a closely held secret for the simple reason that people have not cared enough to desire a knowledge of the exact definitions of God’s own calendar and the Creator’s own reckoning of time, in order to pray for and request a knowledge of the Ark of the Covenant for that very purpose? Could it be that the raison d’être for the Ark of the Covenant being provided for man is first and foremost as reference for particulars such as pertain the Creator’s own reckoning of time?
Upon compiling the particulars within the following table my original impression, as stated above, has been gradually modified. Recognizing the need for correcting the given dates, for purposes of comparing current aviv determinations, by the ever so slowly changing dates of solstices and of equinoxes, my initial impression of later Abib beginnings has been significantly modified. Adding to that, the fact that the Ark of the Covenant was very likely being lodged in southern Egypt at an altitude of about 900 feet above sea level for the 563± years between 963-400 BCE, I perceive the following particulars in terms of a current calendar:
1) Barley in the aviv stage and used for determining the beginning of Month #1 of the Scriptural calendar during said 563± years was found, at the earliest, in time for an [adjusted] Aviv 1 beginning at sunset on February 28, and, at the latest, was not found in time for an [adjusted] Aviv 1 beginning at sunset on March 26. [Cf. 420 BCE and 474 BCE in the table below!]
2) The two dated Abib 1 that I have available from prior to that era, one determined by Joshua at the time of crossing the Jordan, and the other determined by David prior to his settling in Hebron, fall well within the above range whether adjusted or not.
3) For the era subsequent to 400 BCE, when it is being claimed that the Ark of the Covenant first arrived to Ethiopia, all useful dates likewise fall within the same range as above; the earliest [adjusted] Aviv 1 beginning on March 13, and the latest not found in time for an [adjusted] Aviv 1 beginning on March 23.
4) If I reckon the average[1] number of [adjusted] days beyond the expected Abib New Moon when aviv was not found I find the following:
a. Prior to 963 BCE: 0/1=0 days, None found (For no pole shift scenario the result is: 8/2=4 days, 1 out of 2 years.)
b. 963-397 BCE: 65[2]/7=9.3 days, or 3 out of 8 years
c. 397 BCE through 44 CE: 44/8=5.5 days, or 4 out of 8 years
Comparing b. and c. there might seem as though there may be later aviv determinations for the years since the Ark of the Covenant may have been lodged in Ethiopia at an altitude of about 7,000 feet above sea level than otherwise. However, the number of years available for comparison may well be far too low for making a reliable determination re this particular. In comparison, during the years 2000-2010, the aviv determinations covering the entire land of Israel, as provided courtesy of Nehemiah Gordon et.al., the following number pertain: 18/11=1.6 days, or 3 out of 11 years. Again, the number of samples is probably way too low for statistical significance (though they might perhaps be suggestive J.)
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Legend: |
A Study of the Beginnings of Aviv 1 in the Old and New Testaments of the
Bible as adjusted to a current calendar year |
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Late appearing Aviv |
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Dated columns |
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Good to excellent reliability |
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Miscellaneous |
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Year BCE/CE |
Summer solstice (correction in comparison to current
dates) |
Comparison date for Abib 1 [adjusted using summer solstice
correction] |
Comments |
Beginning of Abib 1 (per Scripture reckoning) |
Reliability of date |
Event used for basis |
Reference |
Beginning of Abib 1 (per Rabbinical reckoning) |
Reliability of date |
Event used for basis |
Reference |
|
1465 BCE |
July 6 (-15 days) |
[Apr 9 – 15 = Mar 25] |
|
April 9 |
Good |
Exodus out of Egypt |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1439 BCE |
July 6 (-15 days) |
Apr 7 [Apr 22 – 15 = Apr 7] |
|
Fri Apr 22 |
Good |
Entry into Canaan[3] |
Joshua 5:11, Leviticus 23:11, 15 & Genesis 19:34. |
|
|
|
This date is based upon the assumption that there has
been no pole shift since the Exodus, and upon the lunar eclipse on Jan 10,
1043 BCE, the day before the death of King Saul. |
|
1423 BCE |
July 6 (-15 days) |
Feb 11 [Feb 26 – 15 = Feb 11] |
|
Fri Feb 26 Notice: Per this scenario, this date
represents a fall event, with Jerusalem located 50º south
of the equator, i.e. before both Hezekiah and Joshua! |
Good |
Entry into Canaan[4] |
Joshua 5:11, Leviticus 23:11, 15 & Genesis 19:34. |
|
|
|
This date is based upon the conclusion that there
have been pole shifts since the Exodus, and upon the lunar eclipse on Mar 23,
1028 BCE, the day before the death of King Saul. Notice that, per this scenario, Jerusalem being
located 50º south of the equator, Passover was a fall event! |
|
1044 BCE |
July 3 (-12 days) |
Mar 24 |
This antedates David’s move to
Hebron, & Jerusalem becoming the capital |
Sat Apr 5 |
Good |
Tevet 14 per David’s reckoning: The sunrise full moon
and lunar eclipse reported by the woman in Endor |
Cf. this
link! |
|
|
|
|
|
June 29 (-8 days) |
Mar 28 |
Daniel was still located outside of
the land of Israel |
Wed April 5 |
Fair – Very good |
Aviv 24: Daniel’s fasting “three weeks” during the
Feast of Unleavened Bread |
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522 BCE |
June 29 (-8 days) |
April 16 |
Not likely a
Jerusalem based aviv. This date is from Cambyses’
astronomical clay tabled (BM 33066) |
April 24 |
Excellent Certain |
The Babylonian astronomer’s observation |
BM 33066 |
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|
483 BCE |
June 29 (-8 days) |
Mar 6 |
Mordecai and Esther were located in Shushan |
Sat Mar 14 |
Excellent |
Tishri 22: 1st of 180 days |
Esther 1:4; Cf. this
link! |
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|
|
482 BCE |
June 29 (-8 days) |
Mar 25 |
Ditto |
|
|
|
|
Friday April 2 |
Excellent |
Nisan 1: Crowning event of Ahasuerus’ Feast |
|
|
474 BCE |
June 29 (-8 days) |
Apr 25 |
|
Thu May 3 |
Excellent |
Multiple Scripture months identified |
Esther 3:7, 13; 8:9; 9:1, 15, 17, 19,
21, 22 [emphasis on dates tied to the numbered Hebrew month.] |
Thu May 3 |
Excellent |
Multiple Babylonian months identified |
Esther 3:7, 13; 8:9; 9:1, 15, 17, 19, 21,
22 [emphasis on dates tied to ‘Adar.’] |
|
457 BCE |
June 28 (-7 days) |
(Apr 17, or…) |
Cf. 397 BCE below! |
(Wed Apr 24???) or almost certainly 397 BCE, cf.
below! |
Highly unlikely! Cf. 397 BCE below! |
Ezra’s arrival in Jerusalem, and his dated meeting to
accomplish wholesale divorce action. |
|
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445 BCE |
June 28 (-7 days) |
Apr 5 |
|
Apr 12 |
Excellent |
Nehemiah’s arrival in Jerusalem and the rebuilding of
the Jerusalem wall in 52 days. |
Nehemiah 2:1, 11; 6:15 |
|
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|
420 BCE |
June 28 (-7 days) |
Feb 28 |
The scribe and author of this papyrus was located at Elephantine
in southern Egypt at an altitude of less than 900 ft. Indeed, the Ark of the
Covenant may well have been kept with this community from 964/963 BCE until
sometime after June 19, 400 BCE, after which date this Jewish community
vanished… This, when considered in conjunction with Deuteronomy 12:5, 11;
Psalms 72:16; Isaiah 2:2; and Micah 4:1-2, might explain some of the earlier
Abib placements during that era. |
Mon Mar 7 |
Excellent |
Elephantine papyrus ‘Kraeling 6’ is the one exception
using Scriptural or Jewish reckoning: “Tammuz 8…” = June 11, 420 BCE. |
Cf. this link! Re the whereabouts the Ark of the Covenant and the
migrations of the associated Jewish community, please cf. Deuteronomy 12:5, 11; Psalms 72:16; Isaiah 2:2; Micah
4:1-2; and Hancock, Graham, The Sign and the Seal, pp. 212-213 (800 yrs at
Tana Kirkos, then 1,600 yrs (before 1989) at Axum [altitude 7,000 ft.,]) 219
(800 yrs at Tana Kirkos,) 226 (959 to Zwai,) 228 (72 yrs at Zwai,) 252-267
(the Gondar Timkat tradition,) 287-292 (remnants in Egypt,) 402 (modified
dates 470 BCE & 330 CE,) 412-424 (re Uzziah’s & Hezekiah’s encounters
in the temple,) 424-446 (re the Elephantine temple and its destruction,) 252,
427, 446, 448-9 (re Meroe.) Cf. these links: 72MB,
40MB,
or 30MB-text
only. |
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397 BCE |
June 28 (-7 days) |
Apr 15 |
Cf. 457 BCE above! |
Sat Apr 22, 397 BCE! |
Very good |
Ezra’s arrival in Jerusalem, and his dated meeting to
accomplish wholesale divorce action. |
|
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16 BCE |
June 25 (-4 days) |
Mar 7 |
|
Sat Mar 11 |
Very good |
A number of recorded specifics by several observers of the star of
Bethlehem |
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3 BCE |
June 25 (-4 days) |
Mar 13 |
|
Sun Mar 17 |
Very good |
Very good |
End of the Jews’ Feast of Unleavened Bread when
Yeshua was 12 years of age |
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June 25 (-4 days) |
Apr 3 |
|
Sun Apr 7 |
Very good |
Spring season baptism, temptations, calling of
disciples, and marriage in Cana |
Cf. this link
and, more particularly, this
link! |
Thu Apr 11 |
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|
16 CE |
June 25 (-4 days) |
Mar 24 |
|
Sat Mar 28 |
Excellent |
|
|
Tue Apr 28 |
Fair - Good |
Kislev 25: “A feast of the Jews…” & “a Sabbath” |
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|
17 CE |
June 25 (-4 days) |
Mar 14 |
|
Thu Mar 18 |
Excellent |
Tishri 22: Mt. of Transfiguration event & “two days:” Feeding 4000 with 7 loaves and a few
fishes |
& |
Sun Apr 18 |
|
|
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|
18 CE |
June 25 (-4 days) |
Apr 1 |
|
Tue Apr 5 |
Excellent |
The Eighth Day vs. Yeshua’s healing on a 7th
Day Sabbath |
Tue Apr 5 |
Very good |
Tishri 22: Mt. of Transfiguration event & Kislev 25: per Luke’s undated record |
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|
19 CE |
June 25 (-4 days) |
Apr 20 |
|
Mon Apr 24 |
Excellent |
Numerous dated Aviv events in all of the Gospels |
Cf. this link! |
Tue Apr 25 |
Excellent |
Numerous dated Aviv events in all of the Gospels |
Cf. this link! |
|
44 CE |
June 24 (-3 days) |
Apr 16 |
|
Apr 19 |
Excellent |
Paul’s dated itinerary while traveling from Philippi
to Jerusalem and thence to Rome |
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[1] Feb 28 is the earliest date found for the beginning
of Abib 1. Using this as my base date, if the documented Scriptural Abib 1 is
not the first visible New Moon subsequent to Feb 28, then I count the
additional days and add them together before dividing and arriving at the
average. That is the same as saying that if the documented Abib 1 falls later
than March 30, I then add each day past March 30, etc..
[2] 16 days in April + March 31 + 25 days in April +
March 31+5 days in April + March 31+15 days in April + March 31 = 65 days; all
others being dated prior to March 31.
[3] [Intentional strikethroughs!:] Thu Mar 4, 1440 BCE
SNB sunset: 17:33:31; moonset: 18:12:31; lag: 39 min 00 sec; illumination:
0.79% è New Moon crescent first visible Fri Mar 5, 1440 BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the Canaan entry then
Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 7th Day and Joshua 5:11 was a
Seventh Day Shabbat morning event.
Even though this is consistent with the Hebrew of Genesis 19:34 and Leviticus 23:11, 15, this date is too
early, most especially upon considering also that the summer solstice day at
that time fell on July 6, i.e. 15 days later than presently, this option must
necessarily be discarded!
Sat Apr 3, 1440 BCE
SNB sunset: 17:51:13; moonset: 18:49:31; lag: 58 min 18 sec; illumination:
1.32%è New Moon crescent first visible Sat Apr 3, 1440 BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the Canaan entry then
Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 1st Day (of the week) and Joshua
5:11 was a First Day morning event. However, such a reading of Joshua 5:11 is inconsistent
with the Hebrew of Genesis 19:34 and Leviticus 23:11, 15, and must accordingly
be discarded!
Mon May 3, 1440 BCE
SNB sunset: 18:07:33; moonset: 19:30:18; lag: 82 min 45 sec; illumination:
2.27%è New Moon crescent first visible Mon May 3, 1440 BCE
Wed Mar 23, 1439 BCE
SNB sunset: 17:45:04; moonset: 18:41:57; lag: 56 min 53 sec; illumination:
1.22%è New Moon crescent first visible Wed Mar 23, 1439 BCE
BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the Canaan entry then
Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 5th or 6th Day (of
the week) and Joshua 5:11 was an Abib 16 Sixth Day or Seventh Day morning event. However,
such a reading of Joshua 5:11 is inconsistent with the Hebrew of Genesis 19:34
and Leviticus 23:11, 15, and must accordingly be discarded!
Fri Apr 22,
1439 BCE SNB sunset: 18:01:14; moonset: 19:21:59; lag: 80 min 45 sec;
illumination: 2.19%è New Moon crescent first visible Mon Apr
22, 1439 BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the
Canaan entry then Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 7th Day and
Joshua 5:11 was a Seventh Day Shabbat morning event. This solution is
consistent also with the pattern of events seen relative to the fall of Babylon
in the year subsequent to the completed 70 years of captivity in Babylon, and
likewise, I believe, re the 40 days of the spies prior to their return. I need
to find my prior study re that last particular…
[4] [Intentional strikethroughs!:] Thu Mar 4, 1440 BCE
SNB sunset: 17:33:31; moonset: 18:12:31; lag: 39 min 00 sec; illumination:
0.79% è New Moon crescent first visible Fri Mar 5, 1440 BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the Canaan entry then
Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 7th Day and Joshua 5:11 was a
Seventh Day Shabbat morning event.
Even though this is consistent with the Hebrew of Genesis 19:34 and Leviticus 23:11, 15, this date is too
early, most especially upon considering also that the summer solstice day at
that time fell on July 6, i.e. 15 days later than presently, this option must
necessarily be discarded!
Sat Apr 3, 1440 BCE
SNB sunset: 17:51:13; moonset: 18:49:31; lag: 58 min 18 sec; illumination:
1.32%è New Moon crescent first visible Sat Apr 3, 1440 BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the Canaan entry then
Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 1st Day (of the week) and Joshua
5:11 was a First Day morning event. However, such a reading of Joshua 5:11 is
inconsistent with the Hebrew of Genesis 19:34 and Leviticus 23:11, 15, and must
accordingly be discarded!
Mon May 3, 1440 BCE
SNB sunset: 18:07:33; moonset: 19:30:18; lag: 82 min 45 sec; illumination:
2.27%è New Moon crescent first visible Mon May 3, 1440 BCE
Wed Mar 23, 1439 BCE
SNB sunset: 17:45:04; moonset: 18:41:57; lag: 56 min 53 sec; illumination:
1.22%è New Moon crescent first visible Wed Mar 23, 1439 BCE
BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the Canaan entry then
Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 5th or 6th Day (of
the week) and Joshua 5:11 was an Abib 16 Sixth Day or Seventh Day morning event. However,
such a reading of Joshua 5:11 is inconsistent with the Hebrew of Genesis 19:34
and Leviticus 23:11, 15, and must accordingly be discarded!
Fri Apr
22, 1439 BCE SNB sunset: 18:01:14; moonset: 19:21:59; lag: 80 min 45 sec;
illumination: 2.19%è New Moon crescent first visible Mon Apr
22, 1439 BCE è If this is the Abib New Moon of the
Canaan entry then Abib 1 and Abib 15 both fell on the 7th Day and
Joshua 5:11 was a Seventh Day Shabbat morning event. This solution is
consistent also with the pattern of events seen relative to the fall of Babylon
in the year subsequent to the completed 70 years of captivity in Babylon, and
likewise, I believe, re the 40 days of the spies prior to their return. I need
to find my prior study re that last particular…