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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)

 

 

Created 5923[(*??*)] 05 13 2027 [2011-09-13]

Updated 5924[(*??*)] 11 04 2028 [2012-02-26]

 

 

 

The Moon Comet

A Section out of the Book Der Kleine Kosmos… by J. W. Schmitz, pp. 51-54,

[a transcript w. modern font here] (1852)…

 

 

Abstract:

 

Even though I may find the section The Moon Comet, in Schmitz’ book being fraught with logical errors, and thus largely unreliable, I do find a number of points of lasting value for me in consequence of having had the privilege of studying this section in Schmitz’ book. As follows:

 

1.   Schmitz is providing a number of more or less unspecific references to events of the past, primary re comets that are being said to have been causing solar eclipses during the last millennium, events which I’ve rarely, if ever, seen or heard mentioned elsewhere, but which events may well be worthy of a more in depth study. If indeed such events did happen, then it might well be important to be able to predict such events, and to make preparations accordingly.

2.   This passage is offering the reader an excellent, and very valuable, example re the importance of always tying back one’s studies to the most original source that is at all available. In this particular section this would refer to the importance of studying the original Greek report of Phrantzae and its relationship to the real time events themselves as accessible through astronomical software and data banks such as Fred Espenak’s NASA website etc.. Failing such an in depth study of the primary sources, by relying instead on intermediary authorities and translations, as obviously Schmitz has done, is bound to lead to false conclusions and less than desirable consequences.

3.   The fact that Schmitz, in this section of his, is primarily focusing upon the comet related by Georgii Phrantzae, and upon some species of eclipse, has been serving as an incentive for me to study some of the more original sources describing this event. Comparing e.g. Phrantzae’s Greek text with the subsequent Latin translations, and then with the tertiary translations into German, I notice the inevitable accumulation of errors and misconceptions in every step away from the original source. Serious consequences of the within example includes e.g.: 1) Interpretations providing an incentive to war against the Muslim nations being associated with the half Moon, and 2) the false teachings so very prevalent, yes, even universal, within the educational systems at all levels in our own society, that is, not only in ages past, but, even more so, in our very own midst.

4.   Anyone who takes time for a thorough and in depth study of original sources is bound to acquire a taste for more of the same work. By so doing, the motivation for becoming ever more in touch with reality, as it really was and is, is bound to grow, to the betterment of all of us…

5.   By identifying and correctly and exactly date the historical records of celestial events of past centuries and millennia, we may each and all gradually stand upon a more stable and reliable foundation, thus making us better prepared for meeting the unknowns of the future. It goes without saying that being totally unprepared may have serious consequences, and, when such is the situation, there is good cause for worry and concern. Yet, the answers are not found in a persistent blind focus upon our own ignorance and worries, lest such concerns become self-fulfilling prophecies. No, the answers are found in looking back towards the causes of things and to learn the relevant basics. Important examples of serious misconceptions of our past that may be recognized as the cause for much suffering and strife may be the following: 1) Those misconceptions which are intimately tied to the Holy Scriptures and e.g. the timing of the crucifixion and resurrection of Jesus of Nasaret; 2) serious misconceptions re historical events recorded in the Old Testament, e.g. re the Book of Daniel etc., and 3) those misinterpretations that dominate and serve as the platform for the greater part of modern history writing, most particularly re Ptolemy’s Canon of Kings and Almagest.

6.   In consequence of the above said one should be better prepared for recognizing one’s own deficiencies, as well as those of our society at large, and thus to recognize also the serious dangers inherent in relying upon any so called “authorities,” created as they are, not by God, the Creator of all, but by men who generally are too busy for finding time or motivation for a deeper and more exact understanding of the foundations of each our day to day present time reality. Specifically, this certainly applies also to those men and women who are forming and shaping the educational system, especially, and our society at large, generally, of each our own State or nation…

7.   In consequence of the above said one should be able to better recognize the essential importance for each of us to be motivated to study each our own basics, and to receive, appreciate, and apply those truths and insights re reality as it really was and is. Only then will one ever be able to approach a life free from undesirable control by other people and “authorities”. Cf. Ezekiel, chapter 9, and Revelation 18:4, and, yes, why not compare those two passages with the article The Hiroshima Miracle!

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

A Section from the Book

Der Kleine Kosmos…

by J. W. Schmitz, pp. 51-54,

[A transcript w. modern font here] (1852)

 

 

The Moon Comet, traveling in a path inclined 32 degrees [relative to the plane of the solar system / Brackets added throughout by the translator] and with a period of 3 years, was observed in the years 1066, 1068, 1071, 1080, 1093, 1096, 1099, 1103, 1109, 1115, 1146, 1168, 1206, 1211, 1217, 1256, 1264, 1285, 1300, 1303, 1312, 1337, 1363, 1380, 1433, 1450, 1511, 1517, 1523, 1529, 1532, 1548, 1578, 1590, 1718, 1770, 1790, 1811, 1825,[1] and was offering its most spectacular views while within a distance of the sun less than the radius of Earth’s path around the Sun. In the year 1066 it first became visible at the time of its greatest illumination when it suddenly appeared on the evening sky while for 14 days trailing the setting sun. In 1090 or 1091 it passed between the Earth and the Sun during a 3 hour long eclipse. Subsequent to the darkness the light of the Sun still retained a striking quality; probably while the coma of the comet, invisible as it was in the day time, was still covering the sun. The same comet again eclipsed the sun in 1096, and then again in 1206 for 6 hours, presumably while its coma was passing by. In 1433 the comet eclipsed the sun for only half an hour.

In 1450 the famous lunar eclipse, caused by this comet, took place. (According to the words of Phrantzae, the historian,) a comet appeared over the horizon each evening after sunset, which traveled beneath the disc of the full Moon, while, in so doing, causing an eclipse in accord with the common order and motions of celestial bodies. For the duration of this multi day appearance the comet was seen in the shape of a rectangular body, and said author added: that some, who saw the comet move from West to East, and its approach and eclipse of the Moon, interpreted

 

 

­-  52  -

 

the event as follows: the Christian princes must arm themselves and then draw towards the Orient to make war against the half Moon. Thus the eclipse was seen as clearly as possible, while day by day the comet was approaching ever closer (cf. “Weltall” [Engl.: “Universe”] p. 223.)

This eclipse must also necessarily have been caused by the comet passing over the disc of the Moon, and it is a laughable allegation, that, at this very time, when the comet was approaching the lunar disc, the Earth shadow should [also] have been present, and thus to cause a common lunar eclipse. Such an eclipse would then, even as much as today, have been foreseen and known by the historian and by all the other observers alike; just the same as, at that time, the discoverer of America knew how to take advantage of a predicted eclipse.

It is unbelievable how frequently the attraction theorists attempt to hush up an event that shows that a comet can pass between the Moon and the Earth without being attracted.[2] The author of Kosmos also takes up the cudgels against this phenomenon. He lets Phrantzae (albeit by means of a later translation of 1796) bring out the comet as something like a fog, rather than as something in the form of a rectangle, and lets the event coincide with a common lunar eclipse in 1454,[3] which, however, is not the year of this comet, but of Bessel’s comet.[4] When Phrantzae, according to the older and better[5] translation says: The comet passed under[6] the Moon and thus it caused an eclipse, in accordance with the common events of the celestial bodies, that is, as the comet passed from West to East (plenum lunae orbem subiens, eclipsing efficiebat juxta ordinem et motum solitum luminum coelestium,)[7] then it is clearly stated, that it was the comet that was seen that caused the eclipse,  while the comet and the other celestial bodies retained their common paths from West to East;[8] and certainly this cannot be understood the other way around, that is, that not the comet, but, at that very

 

 

 

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time, when the comet approached the Moon, the common movements of the celestial bodies caused an eclipse; as does the author of Kosmos with these certain words: that a lunar eclipse, completely in accord with that which is common, took place.

What can be said more clearly than that it was the comet, which every evening (quotquot vesperis,)[9] was brought closer to the Moon, [10] that was the cause of the eclipse: efficiebat? How much longer would not an eclipse caused by the shadow of the Earth have lasted, than that of a tiny comet! How brightly the comet would have shone, that one that was already so bright even while next to the bright full Moon, when suddenly it would have been shining all alone from the pitch dark heavens without the competition of the full Moon! But the comet, which was passing below the disc of the Moon (plenum lunae orbem subiens,) would necessarily[11] have had to have been eclipsed together with the Moon by the 3 to 4 times wider shadow of the Earth. How clearly and in how much detail could not then this new miracle have been described, when a cometary coma without a comet had been seen etc.! And the interpretation by people generally, which, as with that of the comet, was being understood in terms of the Christian princes being victorious over the Half Moon, would then have been quite the opposite. In the face of all those contradictions the deviations from truth must necessarily step aside for the truth itself. Not only in 1450,[12] but also in 1770, did this comet pass between the Moon and the Earth, as observed also by Lichtenberg,[13] who, in consequence thereof, has been accused for this heresy. 

Also in the year 1102 must this comet have been present between the Earth and the Moon. Its long Period from 1099 to 1103 suggests[14] that it may have been moving for some time as a second satellite or moon of the Earth: It is said that the comet with long intervals was suddenly changed from one location to another: locum suum longo interstitio saltibus mutantem (Hevel,[15] Vol. 12, p. 821).

So long as this comet remained within

 

 

 

-          54   -

 

a distance to the sun less than that of the Earth, it was being observed with an [apparent retrograde] motion on this side of the Sun, just as does Mercury and Venus, when those planets are located on this side of the Sun. When, however, in the year 1811, this comet (the smaller of the 2 comets of that year) was located 1 ½ Earth distances from the Sun, it was observed with a direct motion, and its diameter was 93, according to others 107, German miles,[16] corresponding to ¼ of that of the Moon,[17] and to 1/17 of that of the Earth.[18] This is very different[19] from the attraction calculation which assessed its mass, based upon the comet’s attraction upon the Earth and the Moon, to no more than 1/5000th of that of the Earth.

 

 

(Thanks Heidi and Rose-May for helping better understand this German text!)

 

 

 

 

 

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[1] [Translator’s note:] Cf. my Excel-file entitled: “ToyingWithNumbersAndYearsReSchmitzText.xls

[2] [Translator’s note:] I believe Schmitz’ intended meaning is “attracted and absorbed by one of them,” that is, because it is obvious that each and all bodies within the universe is imposing a gravitational pull upon all others. However, only very rarely does this imply that those bodies merge or collide. Indeed, I find Schmitz’ reasoning at this point characterized by serious flaws! In particular I find Schmitz pointing the proverbial finger of accusation against certain “attraction theoreticians,” whose works Schmitz obviously does not fully comprehend, while forgetting his own much more serious flaws of thought. – But that is not to say that I do not agree with his contention re the common tendency among scholars to suppress important scientific facts. However, that fact does not excuse anyone for making false accusations, such as these against said “attraction theoreticians!”

[3] [Translator’s note:] An in depth study of Georgii Phrantzae’s Greek text and the related reality as best available to me through my Starry Night Backyard astronomy software etc. provides evidence for said comet of Phrantzae being visible throughout the fall of 1453 and into the beginning of January 1454. Per my SNB software said comet of Georgii Phrantzae is none other than Halley’s Comet, which, as best I can tell, is one and the same as “the comet of Bessel.” Upon discovering that Wikipedia is providing different years for Halley’s Comet, than does my other sources, I tend towards discrediting Wikipedia’s sources, but this particular may require some further in depth study…

[4] [Translator’s note:] See Franz Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel (cf. this link and this link) who is known for his improved calculations re Halley’s comet and its path:

1804 führte er eine neue und bessere Berechnung der Bahn des Halleyschen Kometen durch und überreichte sein Manuskript auf der Straße dem bekannten Bremer Astronomen Wilhelm Olbers, der Bessels große Begabung für die Astronomie offenbar erkannte und fortan sein Förderer und sogar Freund wurde.(Från OstDeutsche Biographie).

[5] [Translator’s note:] Schmitz’ note re the older Latin translation from Greek being better than the more recent one is obviously based upon little more than his own flawed hypotheses and upon his desire for finding support for his own misconceptions.

[6] [Translator’s note:] Obviously Schmitz is choosing to understand the Latin translation of Phrantzae’s words in terms of the comet passing proximal to the Moon, rather than the optional, and preferable, “below” in reference to a position between the Moon and the local horizon. This is almost certainly a misconception on the part of Schmitz. Cf. this link!

[7] [Translator’s note:] The Latin words within this parenthesis of J W Schmitz are taken from the older translation. I notice that the Latin words within the parenthesis are not an exact quote, that is, the words “in orben” within “solitum in orben luminum…” are being omitted.

The corresponding Latin words of the newer Latin translation are “qui quum prope lunam esset, pleno lumine splendentem, accidit, ut defection lunae fieret, secundum ordines et circuitum rerum coelestium, ut solet fieri.” My best available English translation of this newer Latin translation (1796) is: “when the full moon was past, it so happened that it [the comet] became eclipsed by the moon according to the order and orbit of the heavenly stars, as is the custom.” Cf. this link!

[8] [Translator’s note:] If I am not totally mistaken, most celestial bodies are moving from East to West from hour to hour as well as from evening to evening, etc.. The Moon, on the other hand, when viewed on an evening to evening basis, and in relation to the rest of the celestial bodies, is moving in the opposite direction. (The planets’ apparent motions relative to the fixed stars vary from time to time.) – This, if I am not mistaken, represents yet another serious mistake on the part of Schmitz!

[9] [Translator’s note:] As above, so also these Latin words come out of the older translation. Cf. footnote #7!

[10] [Translator’s note:] I believe that reality as it really is, is quite the opposite, that is, the Moon was constantly approaching the point on the sky where the comet was then located. Not the other way around, that is, not according to the situation here portrayed per Schmitz!

[11] [Translator’s note:] Notice that either Schmitz is 1) taking for granted that the comet was located between the Earth and the Moon after all; or else 2) he is not aware of the fact that a distant celestial body, far beyond the Moon, can never be eclipsed by the cone shaped shadow of the Earth, which shadow does not reach very far beyond the Moon!...
It follows that neither one argument, nor the other, among Schmitz’s proposed options have any validity or strength! Flawed reasoning!

[12] [Translator’s note:] There is no doubt re this comet of Schmitz being the same comet that Phrantzae is describing. Furthermore, after having studied the particulars in depth, I find that Phrantzae’s comet was visible from the late part of summer 1453 until past the New Year of 1454. Per my Starry Night Backyard astronomy software I find Phrantzae’s comet almost certainly being one and the same as Halley’s Comet, however I notice that Wikipedia is providing different years for Halley’s visits than does my SNB software… Having learned before of Wikipedia’s chosen adherence to tradition, even in the face of obvious facts of reality, and their refusal to accept any articles re primary research, I tend to discredit Wikipedia’s sources re the historical visits of Halley’s Comet!

There is much that’s gone wrong in conventional chronology re ancient centuries and millennia! Accordingly, there are many values to be discovered by each one willing to seek the truth for him or herself! Cf. Revelation 3:20!

It is obvious the Schmitz is building his misconceptions, particularly re the year of Phrantzae’s comet, from subordinate translations and interpretations, e.g. from Lichtenberg’s German text, and that Lichtenberg, in his turn, is basing his misconceptions upon the first Latin translation of Phrantzae’s Greek text… Indeed, it is all in accord with the natural laws pertaining to the well-known children’s whispering game, and to the natural laws pertaining to all gossip. Unfortunately for Schmitz his scenarios do not seem to be in harmony with the order and movements governing all real celestial bodies!

[13] [Translator’s note:] ”The comet, which in 1450 passed between the Earth and the Moon, has, by means of its shadow, by which it eclipsed the full Moon, proven, that it is a dark and non-transparent body, which has its light from the Sun.”

Per the original German text of Lichtenberg: "Der Comet, welcher im Jahre 1450 seinen Lauf zwischen der Erde und dem Monde genommen, hat durch seinen Schatten, mit dem er den vollen Mond verfinstert, bewiesen, daß er ein dunkler und undurchsichtiger Körper sey, der sein Licht von der Sonne habe."

Ref.: Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Schriften und Briefe: Kommentar zu Band I und II: 63 (Carl. Hanser Verlag, München-Wien, 1992.)

[14] [Translator’s note:] Notice that the three year period mentioned by Schmitz, if indeed it does have a real time correspondence, is not likely exactly 3.00 year / period. Let’s say that the period in reality had been at that time, say 3.14 years (i.e. (1015 – 1093) / 7 = 3.14,) well, in that case, if a certain point in its path was reached near the end of 1099, then it follows that the next time the same point is being passed will necessarily be the beginning of 1103! Schmitz’ argument is thus seriously deficient in this particular!

Cf. my Excel-file entitled: “ToyingWithNumbersAndYearsReSchmitzText.xls

[15] [Translator’s note:] This is likely a reference to Johannes Hevelius, and possibly also to one among the following works??:

1. Prodromus cometicus (1665)

2. Prodromus astronomiae (c.1690) an unfinished work posthumously published by Johannes wife Catherina Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius in three books including: [34][35]

* Prodromus, preface and unpublished observations

* Catalogus Stellarum Fixarum (dated 1687), catalog of 1564 stars

* Firmamentum Sobiescianum sive Uranographia (dated 1687), an atlas of constellations, 56 sheets, corresponding to his catalog, contains seven new constellations delineated by him which are still in use (plus some now considered obsolete)

(Wikipedia; English edition)

3. ”Karl Christian BruhnsJohannes Hevelius. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB). Band 12, Duncker & Humblot, Leipzig 1880, S. 341–343.”

(Wikipedia; German edition)

[16] [Translator’s note:] The diameter 93 Meile corresponds to 1 Meile = 7 km, while the diameter 107 Meile corresponds to 1 Meile = 8 km. According to the German Wikipedia page, the Mile was of different length i different regions of Germany, i.e. varying from 3.78 km to 10.044 km, and with the great majority falling within 7.419-7.533 km.

[17] [Translator’s note:] The Moon diameter is 3476 km.

[18] [Translator’s note:] Earth’s diameter is 12756 km.

[19] [Translator’s note:] If said comet is 750 km in diameter, and if V = ( 4 * π * r3 ) / 3 ; well, then it follows that the volume = 0.00020 Earth volumes, i.e. 1/5000 of the Earth’s volume (Note however that volume and mass are two separate things!)

It is obvious that Schmitz, the author, made an error in his own calculations, or isn’t that so?!!!