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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)

 

 

Updated 5929± 08 25 2025 [2008-11-25]

 

 

 

 

Dated New Testament Events

 

contributing towards a better understanding

of the timeline in the N.T.:

 

 

 

 

  

I.       The timing of John the Baptist’s conception and delivery:

 

 

Luke starts off relating the story of the beginnings of John the Baptist:

 

"There was in the days of Herod, the king of Judaea, a certain priest named Zacharias, of the course of Abia: and his wife was of the daughters of Aaron, and her name was Elisabeth." Luke 1:5 (KJV.)

 

Based upon the available facts and other considerations re the timing of the 24 courses of priests and Levites servicing the temple in Jerusalem “the course of Abia,” and thus also Zacharias’ presence at the temple, are timed events defined as such in the bible text (cf. e.g. Exodus 40:1­–38; Leviticus 21:16–23; 1 Chronicles 24:3, 4, 5, 10, 19; 27:1–2; 2 Chronicles 5:11; 23:8; and 2 Kings 11:5.) The course of Abia is the eighth course [1 Chr. 24:10,] or one of the days most likely between the beginning of the 11th (or 12th?) Shabbat and the end of the 12th (or 13th) Shabbat of the sacred year (cf. “8th course” in the first of the lists of courses.) From the Greek text (cf. TLT translation below) of Luke 1:23 it is clear that Zacharias’ ministration was prematurely concluded in accord with the Torah instructions that no one with a blemish is to offer the bread of his God (Leviticus 21:16-23.)

 

 

Luke 1:23 (TLT)  AndG2532 it came to pass,G1096 that, in that mannerG5613 were concludedG4130 theG3588 daysG2250 of hisG846 ministrationG3009 and he departedG565 toG1519 his ownG848 house.G3624

Luke 1:23 (KJV)  AndG2532 it came to pass,G1096 that, as soon asG5613 theG3588 daysG2250 of hisG846 ministrationG3009 were accomplished,G4130 he departedG565 toG1519 his ownG848 house.G3624

 

Lev 21:21 (KJV) No man that hath a blemish of the seed of Aaron the priest shall come nigh to offer the offerings of the LORD made by fire: he hath a blemish; he shall not come nigh to offer the bread of his God.

Lev 21:22  (KJV) He shall eat the bread of his God, both of the most holy, and of the holy.

Lev 21:23  (KJV) Only he shall not go in unto the vail, nor come nigh unto the altar, because he hath a blemish; that he profane not my sanctuaries: for I the LORD do sanctify them.

 

 

Since, in accord with Leviticus 4:7 the service performed by Zacharias before the altar of incense (Luke 1:9-10) could be performed any day of the week this event could have taken place any time within the above specified 8 day time period, even within Zacharias’ very first day of ministration. Thus, this series of events began within 8 days of the beginning of the 11th (or 12th?) Shabbat of the sacred year beginning Aviv 1 and, if I am not mistaken, said 11th Shabbat occurred on Sivan 17 or 18 or else on Sivan 16, 16 BCE [beginning at sunset of either Friday May 26 or else of Friday June 23, 16 BCE.]. Now, consider carefully these passages:

 

"And about those days his wife Elisabeth pulled [herself] together, and hid herself in the fifth month, saying…" Luke 1:24 (TLT.)

 

"And1161 after3326 those5025 days2250 his846 wife1135 Elisabeth1665 conceived,4815 (or 4900) and2532 hid4032 herself1438 five4002 months,3376 saying,3004…" Luke 1:24 (KJV.)

 

In comparing the above translations please consider carefully Strong’s #3326, 4815 (with its roots 4862 and 2983,) and  4900 re the Greek word used in Textus Receptus, “συνελαβεν4815 (or 4900),” and the translations “conceived” vs. “pulled [herself] together,” and also the grammatically permissible alternatives “for five months” and “in the fifth month.”  [The fifth month corresponded in 16 BCE either to July 8 through August 6, or else August 7 through September 4.] Typically pregnancies starts showing in the fifth month of pregnancy, which is also the time when quickening will occur. Thus apparently the biblical/Hebrew calendar months coincided with the months of pregnancy of Elisabeth. Thus also we’ll notice that Elisabeth was already pregnant at the time when Zacharias was given the glad tidings by the angel. Consider the following texts:

 

“But1161 the3588 angel32 said2036 unto4314 him,846 Fear5399 not,3361 Zacharias:2197 for1360 thy4675 prayer1162 is heard;1522 and2532 thy4675 wife1135 Elisabeth1665 shall bear1080 thee4671 a son,5207 and2532 thou shalt call2564 his846 name3686 John.2491” Luke 1:13 (KJV.)

 

"But the angel said unto him, Fear not, Zacharias: for thy prayer is heard; and thy wife Elisabeth shall deliver unto thee a son, and thou shalt call his name John." Luke 1:13 (TLT.)

 

"Now1161 Elisabeth's1665 full time5550 came4130 that she846 should be delivered;5088 and2532 she brought forth1080 a son.5207 " Luke 1:57 (KJV.)

 

Notice that the same Greek word, Strong’s #1080, is used in both Luke 1:13 and 1:57, although KJV has translated this word first “shall bear” and then “she brought forth,” when the context of the latter makes it obvious that the word is giving reference to the delivery. Thus, in no place does the Greek text, i.e. Textus Receptus, indicate anything directly about John being conceived. Considering the statement of Luke that the 5th Moon fell out not long after Zacharias’ returning home in the latter part of Sivan, the 3rd Moon, and even more specifically from Luke 1:27, 36 (the 6th Moon coinciding with Elisabeth’s 6th month of pregnancy) and 56-57 (delivery about 3 months later,) it appears as though most likely John the Baptist was conceived close to the beginning of Aviv in 16 BCE [March 11 or April 10, 16 BCE] and that accordingly he was delivered at full term pregnancy around Tevet 4, 16 BCE or Tevet 5, 15 BCE [around December 6, 16 BCE or January 5, 15 BCE.]

 

 

 

 

 

II.    The timing of Yeshua’s conception and delivery:

 

Yeshua’s conception and delivery: Counting backwards in time from the Passover in 18 CE we find the beginning of Yeshua’s ministry. Yeshua’s two and a half years of service, i.e. one fall and three subsequent Passovers, began in the fall prior to the Passover, 16 CE. He was then (fully) 30 years old at the time when Tiberius’ 15th year of reign had begun, i.e. as referenced by a Jewish historian such as Luke. Thus the civic year beginning with Tishri 22, 15 CE, 16 CE is [at least roughly] concurrent with Yeshua’s 31st year of life, and is exactly concurrent with Tiberius’ 16th year of reign as referenced by a Jewish historian. Counting back 30 full years from the fall of 15 CE, i.e. from Tishri 22, 15 CE, we arrive at Tishri 22, 16 BCE, which time should then concur with Yeshua’s conception, which probably occurred on or near the Eighth Day in 16 BCE [September 27/(28) or October 26, 16 BCE,] (cf. below.) Yeshua’s Expected Date of Delivery was then June 23/24 or July 22 of 15 BCE. Though Ronald L. Conte Jr finds a slightly later date for the conception and delivery of Yeshua, the dates above given agrees fully with the time specified by Ronald L. Conte Jr for the “taxing …made when Cyrenius was governor of Syria” (Conte, Important Dates in the Lives of Jesus and Mary, page 69.)

 

 

 

Let’s now consider Yeshua’s conception and delivery:

 

"And in the sixth month the angel Gabriel was sent from God unto a city of Galilee, named Nazareth," Luke 1:26 (KJV.)

 

Why would this time reference, “in the sixth month,” pertain to anything other than the sixth biblical calendar month?

 

"And,2532 behold,2400 thy4675 cousin4773 Elisabeth,1665 she846 hath also2532 conceived4815 a son5207 in1722 her848 old age:1094 and2532 this3778 is2076 the sixth1623 month3376 with her,846 who was called2564 barren.4723 " Luke 1:36 (KJV.)

 

This text passage confirms the synchronicity between the numbered biblical months on the one hand, and on the other the months of pregnancy of Elisabeth, does it not?

 

Notice that the Greek word used in Textus Receptus, “συλληψη4815,” Strong’s #4815, correctly translated “conceive” in the following passage, is not the same word as any word used by Luke in connection with John the Baptist:

 

"And,2532 behold,2400 thou shalt conceive4815 in1722 thy womb,1064 and2532 bring forth5088 a son,5207 and2532 shalt call2564 his846 name3686 JESUS.2424" Luke 1:31 (KJV.)

 

Thus, according to Luke, at the time of the visit of the angel Gabriel, in the sixth biblical calendar month, Mary had not yet conceived.  What then is more likely than that Mary was to conceive at the very beginning of the year beginning on the Eighth Day, i.e. at the time of the Twenty-second Day of the Seventh biblical month [September 27/(28) or October 26, 16 BCE?]

 

It is interesting to notice that the Moslem’s Koran seems to be indicating also that the conception of Yeshua occurred in September or October. I understand that in the Moslem countries the birth of a child is counted from conception and not, as in the western countries, from the time of delivery. In the translations of the Koran available to me the translator appears to have mistakenly attributed the events, that actually describes the conception, to the delivery, but the probable correct meaning pertaining to conception are fairly evident even from the words used by the western translator.

 

The words that provides the time for said event are found in Sura 19, verse 25, which states: “Shake the stem of the palm tree, then ripe and fresh dates will fall down over you!” (freely translated from a Swedish translation of the Koran (K.V. Zetterstéen (1979.))) Another Swedish translation provides a translator’s note stating: “Accordingly Jesus was born at the end of September or in the beginning of October. That is when the dates are sufficiently ripe in the Middle East to fall off the tree:”

 

                                                                                                                                                                                 

We next read about Mary when, at the time when John the Baptist was about to be delivered, Mary returned from her three month long stay with Elizabeth. By this time Mary had apparently completed the first trimester of her pregnancy. The time for Mary’s return from Elizabeth was about Tevet 14, 16 BCE [about Saturday December 16, 16 BCE.]

 

It follows from the apparent date of conception above that Yeshua’s Expected Date of Delivery [280 days after LMP or 266 days (9 lunar months) after conception] was Sivan 26/27, or Tammuz 26, 15 BCE, [June 23/24 or July 22, 15 BCE.]

 

 

 

 

 

III. The timing of Yeshua’s visit to the Temple in Jerusalem at age 12:

 

Luk 2:46 KJV+  And2532 it came to pass,1096 that after3326 three5140 days2250 they found2147 him846 in1722 the3588 temple,2411 sitting2516 in1722 the midst3319 of the3588 doctors,1320 both2532 hearing191 them,846 and2532 asking them questions.1905, 846

 

Luk 2:46 TLT+  And2532 it came to pass,1096 that after3326 the first three5140 days of the week [Tuesday night]2250 they found2147 him846 in1722 the3588 temple,2411 sitting2516 in1722 the midst3319 of the3588 doctors,1320 both2532 hearing191 them,846 and2532 asking them questions.1905, 846

 

Yeshua turned 12 years old Tishri 1, 4 BCE. Accordingly he was 12 years old at Passover 3 BCE. The Feast of Unleavened Bread is always Aviv 15 through 21 [i.e. either Wed-Tue, April 2-8 or Thu-Wed, May 1-7, 3 BCE.]

 

Apparently the travelers had left Jerusalem for their home journey following the Shabbat after the conclusion of the Feast of Unleavened Bread. If this is correct then Luke 2:46 references an event that occurred in the evening following the Third Day of the week, i.e. the beginning of the Fourth Day of either Aviv 28 or Aviv 27, 3 BCE [Tuesday night of either April 15 or May 13, 3 BCE.]

 

 

IV. The Ministry of John the Baptist, and the Baptism and Temptation of Yeshua:

 

“1 Now in the fifteenth year of the reign of Tiberius Caesarthe word of God came unto John the son of Zacharias in the wilderness. 3 And he came into all the country about Jordan, preaching the baptism of repentance for the remission of sins… 21 Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened, 22 And the Holy Ghost descended in a bodily shape like a dove upon him, and a voice came from heaven, which said, Thou art my beloved Son; in thee I am well pleased. 1 And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, 2 Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered. 4:9 And he brought him to Jerusalem, and set him on a pinnacle of the temple, and said unto him, If thou be the Son of God, cast thyself down from hence:” Luke 3:1-3, 21, 22; 4:1, 2, 9 (KJV)

Year 15 CE of the Julian Calendar covers part of two calendar years as reckoned by Luke, Josephus, and the Biblical calendar, and as well by the Hebrew Calendar. Hebrew calendars generally begin with either Aviv 1 or Tishri 1 and the Biblical calendar, which was generally the one Josephus used, begins with the 22nd day of the seventh lunar month. Thus, in 15 CE the Biblical year began at sunset of either September 24 or October 23 (or 24,) depending on whether or not aviv, a certain stage of barley ripening, was found before sunset of March 10, 15 CE. Thus it should be noticed that the Julian, and the Gregorian, Calendars are based, in effect, on the beginning of the reign of Caesar Tiberias, and not, as commonly believed, upon the birth of Christ:

The Diocletian era is counted from the beginning of the reign of Caesar Diocletian, which reign began on August 29, 284 CE [emphasis in colored font added,] and on the 1,825,030th day of the Julian period. The Diocletian era is also called the Era of Martyrs in commemoration of Diocletian’s persecution of the Christians.” (Free translation of the entry under “Diokletia’nska tideräkningen” taken out of the Swedish encyclopedia Svensk Uppslagsbok, (1934.))

Diony’sius exi’guus (Dionysius the tiny,) a monk in Rome (who died between 540 and 560) established the beginning of our currently used reckoning of time (the Christian era.) In so doing he built on the assumptions, that Christ died in his 31st year of life and that his resurrection occurred on Easter day March 25. As the day of Easter after 532 Julian years (28 x 19) recurs on the same date and at Easter according to the Diocletian era (cf. “The Diocletian era” entry above,) which was in use at the time of Dionysius exiguous, occurred March 25, 279 CE, Christ would accordingly have been born in the year 279-532-31=-284 [285 BCE] according to the Diocletian era. Accordingly Dionysius exiguous suggested that date as the beginning of the Christian reckoning of time.”(Free translation of the entry under “Diony’sius exi’guus” taken out of the Swedish encyclopedia Svensk Uppslagsbok, (1934.))

“At the time for this [the Julian] calendar reform the reckoning of years of the Romans was generally dated from the founding of Rome (A.U.C. = ab urbe co’ndita.) This beginning is concurrent with April 21, 753 B.C.. The reckoning of years based [supposedly] on the birth of Christ, i.e. the Dionysian reckoning of time (named from its progenitor Dionysius exiguus, cf. said name [above,]) began in Germany and France no earlier than the 10th century, and from thence it gradually became the predominant calendar.”(Free translation of the entry under “Kronologi” taken out of the Swedish encyclopedia Svensk Uppslagsbok, (1934,) p. 137.)

“The Christian Era: In the earlier centuries of the Christian church much dissension was caused by the various attempts to work out a satisfactory method of calculating the date of Easter. In the year now called AD 525, a monk named Dionysius Exigutis made a new 95-year Easter table to continue a current table that was soon to expire. He copied the last years of the other table, which were numbered by the era of the Emperor Diocletian, but being unwilling to preserve the memory of a notorious persecutor of the Christians, he labeled the first column of his continuing table “Anni Domini Nostri Jesu Christi,” and numbered the first year 532. [23] From this came the dating formula “in the year of our Lord 532,” etcetera (Latin, Anno Domini. abbreviated to AD). Dionysius did not explain how he arrived at this particular year. Evidently he accepted a date for the birth of Christ that was already current, for it agrees with that given in the consular list contained in a Latin chronological work of the year 354, which puts Christ's birth in the consulship of C. Julius Caesar Vipsamus and L. Aemilius Paulus, or AUC 754. (This consular year is AD 1) [See Chronographus, page 56.]” (Horn, Sigfried H. Ph.D., Chronology of Ezra Seven, p. 9.)

 

In consequence we see that the calling and ministry of John the Baptist commenced some time after September 23, 15 CE and was concluded by the end of the subsequent Passover (cf. VII below,) i.e. by April 19, 16 CE.

Yeshua was baptized by John the Baptist at the beginning to the forty days of temptations. This period of temptations were concluded while Yeshua was in Jerusalem (cf. Luke 4:9-13,) and prior to the marriage in Cana of Galilee (March 30/31, 16 CE; cf. V below.) Thus Yeshua was baptized, and led into temptations, some days prior to February 18, 16 CE, (and definitely after September 23, 15 CE, i.e. after the calling of John the Baptist.)

But when exactly?  Is there an event between the Feast of Tabernacles and Passover that Yeshua is known to have been attending in Jerusalem? Here’s one:

"And it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter." John 10:22 (KJV.)

The Feast of Dedication occurs annually on Kislev 25. Kislev is the ninth month in the biblical and Hebrew calendars. Thus Kislev 25, 15 CE corresponds to November 26 (Tu) (or 27,) or December 26 (Th,) 15 CE, again depending on whether or not aviv was found before sunset of March 10, 15 CE. The last temptation is recorded as taking place in Jerusalem, thus apparently the last and fortieth day of temptations may, not unlikely, have been concurrent with Kislev 25, and if so, then Yeshua was baptized by John the Baptist forty days prior to Kislev 25, which is Bul [i.e. Cheswan] 14 or 15, 15 CE [October 16 (We,) 17 (Th,) or 18 (Fr,) or November 15 (Fr,) 16 (Sh,) or 17 (Su,) 15 CE,] depending on whether the latter month, i.e. Bul, had 29 or 30 days etc..

I don’t know whether John the Baptist was baptizing on Shabbat, but, if he was, it fits well with the biblical pattern that Yeshua was baptized upon a Shabbat, i.e. on Bul (14 or) 15, 15 CE [November 16, 15 CE.] If this is how it was, then the last and fortieth day of temptations occurred on Kislev 25, 15 CE [starting at sunset on Wednesday December 25, 15 CE.]

Considering the word the festival of Xylophory and Matt. 3:13:

Notice the Greek word “ασβεστω762 A-DSN” within the passage translated “but1161 he will burn up2618 the3588 chaff892 with unquenchable762 fire.4442  13 Then5119 cometh3854 Jesus2424 from575 Galilee1056 to1909 Jordan2446 unto4314 John,2491 to be baptized907 of5259 him.846Matt. 3:13  KJV. This same Greek word is elsewhere translated “Xylophory,” i.e.:

6. Now the next day was the festival of Xylophory; upon which the custom was for every one to bring wood for the altar (that there might never be a want of fuel for that fire which was unquenchable and always burning).Josephus, The Wars of the Jews, II:17:6.

“- ed. William Whiston, A.M. (Josephus wrote this after the temple was destroyed and the fire had gone out.)” (Cf. http://www.zianet.com/godisgood/simplegreekglossary.html.)

However, using this Greek word within Matt. 3:13 as an indication that the timing of Yeshua’s baptism should be concurrent with said festival, which apparently occurred on Av 14, does not fit this scenario.

 

 

If Yeshua had fallen for the last temptation, he would likely have fallen to his death, and thus, as commonly believed, his “ascension” to “heaven” would then also have occurred on a Thursday, i.e. in accord with Ascension Day as celebrated in accord with the Roman Catholic calendar, i.e. the Gregorian Calendar.  Note however, that, because Yeshua did not fall for the temptation, Yeshua’s true ascension, as recorded in Acts 1, took place instead on a Shabbat, and not on a Thursday.

Notice also the two forty day periods at the beginning and end of Yeshua’s ministry! Notice how they are mirror images of one another in several respects:

      1. One may have begun on Shabbat, the other ended on Shabbat;
      2. One could have ended with Yeshua dying, the other began with Yeshua being risen out of death;
      3. One ended with Yeshua standing up firmly for the principles of Yahweh, the other began with Yahweh standing up for Yeshua by returning to him his life and freedom;
      4. One could have ended with a false so called “ascension to heaven,” the other began with a real ascension out of death;
      5. One began with ascending from the bottom of the dirty waters of Jordan, the other ended with Yeshua standing upon, then ascending into the air from, the top of the Mount of Olives;
      6. One began with being symbolically buried, the other ended with a true ascension;
      7. One ended, on the Day of the Dedication of the Temple, with Yeshua dedicating himself, and his bodily temple, the other began with the victory resulting “naturally”, i.e. by the power of Yahweh, from his dedication;
      8. One was characterized by suffering and temptation, the other was characterized by victory and eternal life.
      9. One may have began on a day designed for making Israel forget their true Creator while commemorating instead a man/king who by such commemoration “made Israel to sin” [Bul 15,] the other ended on the day called Feast of Weeks, which day is designed for reminding Israel of the Jubilee cycle and how to be released out of all bondage of men and kings;
      10. One ended with victory over Shatan, the other began with victory over Shatan.

 

V.    The First Disciples being Called the First Time:

 

“19 And this is the record of John, when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou? 20 And he confessed, and denied not; but confessed, I am not the Christ. 21 And they asked him, What then? Art thou Elias? And he saith, I am not. Art thou that prophet? And he answered, No. 22 Then said they unto him, Who art thou? that we may give an answer to them that sent us. What sayest thou of thyself? 23 He said, I am the voice of one crying in the wilderness, Make straight the way of the Lord, as said the prophet Esaias. 24 And they which were sent were of the Pharisees. 25 And they asked him, and said unto him, Why baptizest thou then, if thou be not that Christ, nor Elias, neither that prophet? 26 John answered them, saying, I baptize with water: but there standeth one among you, whom ye know not; 27 He it is, who coming after me is preferred before me, whose shoe's latchet I am not worthy to unloose. 28 These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing. 29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world. 30 This is he of whom I said, After me cometh a man which is preferred before me: for he was before me. 31 And I knew him not: but that he should be made manifest to Israel, therefore am I come baptizing with water. 32 And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. 33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost. 34 And I saw, and bare record that this is the Son of God. 35 Again the next day after John [the Baptist] stood, and two of his disciples; 36 And looking upon Jesus as he walked, he saith, Behold the Lamb of God! 37 And the two disciples [of John the Baptist] heard him speak, and they followed Jesus. 38 Then Jesus turned, and saw them following, and saith unto them, What seek ye? They said unto him, Rabbi, (which is to say, being interpreted, Master,) where dwellest thou? 39 He saith unto them, Come and see. They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him that day: for it was about the tenth hour. 40 One of the two which heard John speak, and followed him, was Andrew, Simon Peter's brother. 41 He first findeth his own brother Simon, and saith unto him, We have found the Messias, which is, being interpreted, the Christ. 42 And he brought him to Jesus. And when Jesus beheld him, he said, Thou art Simon the son of Jona: thou shalt be called Cephas, which is by interpretation, A stone. 43 The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me. 44 Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. 45 Philip findeth Nathanael, and saith unto him, We have found him, of whom Moses in the law, and the prophets, did write, Jesus of Nazareth, the son of Joseph. 46 And Nathanael said unto him, Can there any good thing come out of Nazareth? Philip saith unto him, Come and see. 47 Jesus saw Nathanael coming to him, and saith of him, Behold an Israelite indeed, in whom is no guile! 48 Nathanael saith unto him, Whence knowest thou me? Jesus answered and said unto him, Before that Philip called thee, when thou wast under the fig tree, I saw thee. 49 Nathanael answered and saith unto him, Rabbi, thou art the Son of God; thou art the King of Israel. 50 Jesus answered and said unto him, Because I said unto thee, I saw thee under the fig tree, believest thou? thou shalt see greater things than these. 51 And he saith unto him, Verily, verily, I say unto you, Hereafter ye shall see heaven open, and the angels of God ascending and descending upon the Son of man.” John 1:19-51 (KJV)

 

The event described by John in the above passage is clearly NOT the baptism of Yeshua, but a subsequent event described by John with the words: “when the Jews sent priests and Levites from Jerusalem to ask him, Who art thou?” The place is given as: “These things were done in Bethabara beyond Jordan, where John was baptizing.” Thus Andrew and Simon, the sons of Jona, who were from Bethsaida (cf. v. 44 above) were called, on this occasion, while in Bethabara beyond Jordan, and not while in Galilee (cf. Matt. 4:18.) Philip and Nathanael where called, per the above record of John, after Yeshua had returned to Galilee (cf. John 1:43 above.)

 

“10 And straightway coming up out of the water, he saw the heavens opened, and the Spirit like a dove descending upon him: 11 And there came a voice from heaven, saying, Thou art my beloved Son, in whom I am well pleased. 12 And immediately the Spirit driveth him into the wilderness. 13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him.” Mark 1:10-13 (KJV.)

 

“1 And Jesus being full of the Holy Ghost returned from Jordan, and was led by the Spirit into the wilderness, 2 Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered.” Luke 4:1-2 (KJV.)

 

Clearly, Yeshua was alone, for the forty days in the wilderness, with none but “Satan…, the wild beasts; and the angels.” Those forty days started immediately upon coming up out of the waters where he was baptized. Thus, the calling of the disciples, described by John above, took place after the forty days of temptation. Since the disciples are twice referenced in John record of the marriage in Cana of Galilee, the four disciples described by John in the passage above were necessarily called prior to said marriage in Cana of Galilee.

 

Although I cannot be certain, it may not seem unlikely that the “priests and Levites” sent from Jerusalem by the Jews, were sent from there in close connection with the Feast of Dedication, which feast was the one event at this season in Jerusalem. Furthermore, what would be more natural for Yeshua than to return to the place for his baptism immediately upon the conclusion of his forty days of temptation, ending as it did upon a high tower in Jerusalem from where he likely saw the area of the Jordan River in the far distance? Yeshua could easily have traveled in one day’s time from Jerusalem to Bethabara beyond the river Jordan where John the Baptist was.

Thus I conclude that Yeshua likely called  Andrew and Simon on the Sixth Day, Kislev 26, 15 CE [Friday, December 27, 15 CE,] and that the words “abode with him that day” in the following passage are giving reference to the Shabbat which started at sunset that day, i.e. at about the tenth hour since this was mid-winter when the days are short:

“They came and saw where he dwelt, and abode with him that day: for it was about the tenth hour” John 1:39 (KJV)

Indeed, this reference to “the tenth hour” as a reason for staying where they were is good evidence in support for this being the beginning of Shabbat, and thus also confirmatory evidence for Kislev 25 occurring on Thursday December 26 in 15 CE. Cf. also the expression “the eventide was come” in:

“And Jesus entered into Jerusalem, and into the temple: and when he had looked round about upon all things, and now the eventide was come, he went out unto Bethany with the twelve." Mark 11:11 (KJV.)

Re Philip and Nathanael, the second pair of brothers called to become disciples of Yeshua:

“The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me. 44 Now Philip was of Bethsaida, the city of Andrew and Peter. 45 Philip findeth Nathanael…” John 1:44-45 (KJV)

The day following” then naturally references the First Day, i.e. the day following the Shabbat, when the travelers from Jerusalem returning from the Feast of Dedication, would be resuming their journey home. Thus it is only natural also that the people from the same town would be traveling together while also meeting and getting to know one another one these occasions. Thus, I find it likely that Philip and Nathanael were called by Yeshua, while on their way back home to Bethsaida from Jerusalem, on the First Day of the week, Kislev 28, 15 CE [Sunday December 29, 15 CE.]

 

VI. The Marriage in Cana of Galilee:

 

Background: After Yeshua was baptized by John the Baptist, and after his forty days of temptation (cf. Matt. 3:13-4:11, Mark 1:9-13, & Luke 3:21-22; 4:1-13,) “John seeth Jesus” and “John bare record, saying, I saw” (John 1:29, 32.) After these events, which took place in Judaea, and across from Judaea, beyond the Jordan, “Jesus would go forth into Galilee” (John 1:43,) where he called his first disciples before attending “a marriage in Cana of Galilee” (John 2:1.) These events, as recorded in John 1:29-2:12, are not recorded by any of the other three gospel writers:

"29 The next day John seeth Jesus coming unto him, and saith, Behold the Lamb of God, which taketh away the sin of the world." John 1:29 (KJV.)

"32 And John bare record, saying, I saw the Spirit descending from heaven like a dove, and it abode upon him. 33 And I knew him not: but he that sent me to baptize with water, the same said unto me, Upon whom thou shalt see the Spirit descending, and remaining on him, the same is he which baptizeth with the Holy Ghost.” John 1:32-33 (KJV.)

"43 The day following Jesus would go forth into Galilee, and findeth Philip, and saith unto him, Follow me." John 1:43 (KJV.)

And the third day there was a marriage in Cana of Galilee… After this he went down to Capernaum, he, and his mother, and his brethren, and his disciples [i.e. Andrew and Simon (the sons of Jona,) Phillip, and Nathanael, ToL’s note (cf. John 1:35-51 and Matt. 4:18-22)] and they continued there not many days. And the Jews’ Passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem. And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves…” John 2:1, 12-14. 

 

In 16 CE the new moon of Aviv 1 most likely was first seen at the end of Shabbat at the beginning of the First Day of the week.  Thus Tuesday Aviv 3, 16 CE [March 31, 16 CE, starting Monday night March 30, 16 CE,] is “the Third Day” any which way you look at it, i.e. the third day of the week, the third day of the month, and the third day of the year, isn’t it? If this is the same “third day” referenced in John 2:1 there would be “not many days” before it was time for the journey “up to Jerusalem”, where Yeshua apparently arrived at the latest on the Preparation day, prior to the Sabbath which fell on Aviv 14 that year.

 

 

VII.          The First Cleansing of the Temple by Yeshua:

 

“13 And the Jews' passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem, 14 And found in the temple those that sold oxen and sheep and doves, and the changers of money sitting: 15 And when he had made a scourge of small cords, he drove them all out of the temple, and the sheep, and the oxen; and poured out the changers' money, and overthrew the tables; 16 And said unto them that sold doves, Take these things hence; make not my Father's house an house of merchandise. 17 And his disciples remembered that it was written, The zeal of thine house hath eaten me up. 18 Then answered the Jews and said unto him, What sign shewest thou unto us, seeing that thou doest these things? 19 Jesus answered and said unto them, Destroy this temple, and in three days I will raise it up.” John 2:13-19 (KJV.)

Clearly this first cleansing of the Temple by Yeshua took place shortly before Passover. Passover Day, according to the within study, occurred on Shabbat Aviv 14, 16 CE [Saturday, April 11, 16 CE.] On Shabbat there would not likely have been any commerce going on in the Temple, such as is recorded by John, thus the first cleansing of the Temple by Yeshua took place on, or a very few days prior to, Aviv 13, 16 CE [Friday, April 10, 16 CE.]

 

VIII.       The Beginning of Yeshua’s Ministry vs. the Beginning of the “Forty and Six Years” in John 2:20:

 

Quoting Scriptures:

“And the Jews' passover was at hand, and Jesus went up to Jerusalem…” John 2:13 (KJV)

“Then said the Jews, Forty and six years was this temple in building, and wilt thou rear it up in three days?” John 2:20 (KJV)

This event took place on, or a very few days prior to, Aviv 13, 16 CE [Friday, April 10, 16 CE.] Cf. “VII. The First Cleansing of the Temple by Yeshua:” above!

 

IX.  John the Baptist imprisoned by Herod:

 

Notice the custom evidenced by the Gospel of John (cf. item #2 below:)

"55 And the Jews' passover was nigh at hand: and many went out of the country up to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves." John 11:55 (KJV.)

 

The sequence of events as recorded in the Gospel of Matthew:

 “11 Then the devil leaveth him, and, behold, angels came and ministered unto him. 12 Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, he departed into Galilee; 13 And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim:” Matt 4:11-13 (KJV)

 

The sequence of events as recorded in the Gospel of Mark:

 “12 And immediately the Spirit driveth him into the wilderness. 13 And he was there in the wilderness forty days, tempted of Satan; and was with the wild beasts; and the angels ministered unto him. 14 Now after that John was put in prison, Jesus came into Galilee, preaching the gospel of the kingdom of God.” Mark 1:12-14  (KJV.)

 

The sequence of events as recorded in the Gospel of Luke:

 “18 And many other things in his exhortation preached he unto the people. 19 But Herod the tetrarch, being reproved by him for Herodias his brother Philip's wife, and for all the evils which Herod had done, 20 Added yet this above all, that he shut up John in prison. 21 Now when all the people were baptized, it came to pass, that Jesus also being baptized, and praying, the heaven was opened.” Luke 3:18-21 (KJV.)

 

The sequence of events as recorded in the Gospel of John:

 “22 After these things came Jesus and his disciples into the land of Judaea; and there he tarried with them, and baptized 23 And John also was baptizing in Aenon near to Salim, because there was much water there: and they came, and were baptized. 24 For John was not yet cast into prison 25 Then there arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying. 26 And they came unto John, and said unto him, Rabbi, he that was with thee beyond Jordan, to whom thou barest witness, behold, the same baptizeth, and all men come to him… 1 When therefore the Lord knew how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John, 2 (Though Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples,) 3 He left Judaea, and departed again into Galilee. 4 And he must needs go through Samaria. 5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph.”  John 3:22-4:5 (KJV.)

 

What Josephus has to say about the death of John the Baptist:

“2. Now some of the Jews thought that the destruction of Herod's army came from God, and that very justly, as a punishment of what he did against John, that was called the Baptist: for Herod slew him, who was a good man, and commanded the Jews to exercise virtue, both as to righteousness towards one another, and piety towards God, and so to come to baptism; for that the washing [with water] would be acceptable to him, if they made use of it, not in order to the putting away [or the remission] of some sins [only], but for the purification of the body; supposing still that the soul was thoroughly purified beforehand by righteousness. Now when [many] others came in crowds about him, for they were very greatly moved [or pleased] by hearing his words, Herod, who feared lest the great influence John had over the people might put it into his power and inclination to raise a rebellion, (for they seemed ready to do any thing he should advise,) thought it best, by putting him to death, to prevent any mischief he might cause, and not bring himself into difficulties, by sparing a man who might make him repent of it when it would be too late. Accordingly he was sent a prisoner, out of Herod's suspicious temper, to Macherus, the castle I before mentioned, and was there put to death. Now the Jews had an opinion that the destruction of this army was sent as a punishment upon Herod, and a mark of God's displeasure to him.” Josephus, Antiquities XVIII:5:2.

 

From the above passages I find it likely that Herod put John the Baptist into prison more or less immediately after the end of the Feast of Unleavened Bread. The bases for my conclusion are as follows: 

      1. Matthew and Mark both agree that Yeshua went back to Galilee after Yeshua heard of John’s imprisonment.
      2. According to John 11:55 it was customary for the people to travel "to Jerusalem before the passover, to purify themselves."  Thus it was only natural, at such a time and place, that “…there arose a question between some of John's disciples and the Jews about purifying.”
      3. Says John’s disciples: “He that was with thee beyond Jordan“ Thus, John 3:26 makes it clear that the conversation between the disciples of John the Baptist and John the Baptist himself took place in Judaea and not “beyond Jordan” where John the Baptist used to baptize. The people were assembled in Jerusalem for Passover, and for the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and most likely John the Baptist and his disciples would be there as well.
      4. John makes it clear that Yeshua returned to Galilee when he “knew how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John.” (John 4:1, 3.)
      5. The leaders, e.g. Herod, were wary of doing anything to upset the huge masses while they were all assembled at Jerusalem. The time when the people were all pulling up and heading for home would be a much more convenient time for unpopular actions such as the imprisonment of a popular figure like John the Baptist.
      6. It makes sense for Yeshua to withdraw from an activity and an area that is being presently attacked by the political leadership, especially considering “that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John,” doesn’t it?

The Seventh Day of the Feast of Unleavened Bread in 16 CE occurred on Sabbath [April 18, 16 CE] starting at sunset the preceding night. It seems reasonable for Herod to grab John the Baptist before John leaves Jerusalem, but after the conclusion of the Feast of Unleavened Bread.  A likely date for John the Baptist’s imprisonment is, accordingly, the First Day of the week, Aviv 22, 16 CE [April 19, 16 CE.]

 

 

X.     Meeting the Woman at Jacob’s Well at the city of Sychar in Samaria:

 

“1 When therefore the Lord knew how the Pharisees had heard that Jesus made and baptized more disciples than John, 2 (Though Jesus himself baptized not, but his disciples,) 3 He left Judaea, and departed again into Galilee. 4 And he must needs go through Samaria. 5 Then cometh he to a city of Samaria, which is called Sychar, near to the parcel of ground that Jacob gave to his son Joseph. 6 Now Jacob's well was there. Jesus therefore, being wearied with his journey, sat thus on the well: and it was about the sixth hour.” John 4:1-6 (KJV.)

"35 Say not ye, There are yet four months, and then cometh harvest? behold, I say unto you, Lift up your eyes, and look on the fields; for they are white already to harvest." John 4:35 (KJV.)

"45 Then when he was come into Galilee, the Galilaeans received him, having seen all the things that he did at Jerusalem at the feast: for they also went unto the feast. 46 So Jesus came again into Cana of Galilee, where he made the water wine. And there was a certain nobleman, whose son was sick at Capernaum.” John 4:45-46 (KJV.)

"54 This is again the second miracle that Jesus did, when he was come out of Judaea into Galilee." John 4:54 (KJV.)

"1 After this there was a feast of the Jews; and Jesus went up to Jerusalem." John 5:1 (KJV.)

 

Notice that Yeshua was on his way back from “the feast” “at Jerusalem,” (v. 45.)  Shortly after this he returns to another “feast of the Jews.”  There are only three Feasts in the year (cf. Lev. 23) at which the Jews are to go to Jerusalem: 1. The Feast of Unleavened Bread, 2. the Feast of Weeks, and 3. the Feast of Tabernacles. So which two feasts are being referenced in the above passages?

Yeshua is providing the answer by giving reference to 1. the upcoming harvest after another “four months,” and 2. the “fields… [that] are white already to harvest” (v.35.) The Geezer calendar is helpful:

Two months [6th & 7th] for harvesting olives, two [8th & 9th] months for sowing grain, two months [10th & 11th] for sowing the late, one month [12th] for collecting flax, one month [1st] for harvesting barley, one month [2nd] for harvesting and feasting, two months [3rd & 4th] for cutting the vine plants, one month [5th] for summer fruit.”

The Sacred Calendar year begins with the first new moon after the ripening of the first barley (the aviv), which first month is then the month Aviv, by Torah definition. The “four months” referenced by Yeshua must be the second through the fifth months, must they not? After that comes the “two months for harvesting olives,” as referenced in the Geezer calendar above. Thus, we see clearly that Yeshua was coming back from Jerusalem going through Sychar and Samaria while it was yet the month of Aviv, the first month of the year and not yet fully one month after the miracle performed in Cana, Galilee. Thus it is only natural for John, the author, to use the reference to this very recent event in Cana in verse 45.

In consequence, the “feast” referenced in John 5:1 must be the Feast of Weeks.  (This is a most significant fact, because this one reference is the only text used as a basis for a fourth Passover reference within the gospel narratives, i.e. for Yeshua’s ministry lasting three and a half years. However, as seen above, this basis is not valid since said “feast” was not Passover, but the Feast of Weeks. In consequence, I find no Scriptural basis for Yeshua’s ministry lasting more than two and a half years.)

The First and Seventh days of the Feast of Unleavened Bread in 16 CE occurred on Sunday April 12 and Sabbath April 18 respectively, each starting at sunset the preceding night. The next new moon visible most likely was at sunset April 26, 16 CE, making April 27 the first day of the Second Month. Therefore, the earliest possible day Yeshua could have come to Sychar was noon of Sunday April 19, 16 CE, and the latest possible day must be Sunday April 26, 16 CE. Considering that he stayed in Sychar for two days, it may seem likely, but not certain, that one of those days was Shabbat, April 25, and the other probably Preparation Day, i.e. the Sixth Day of the week, starting at sunset April 23. If so, the meeting with the woman at Jacob’s well likely occurred “about the sixth hour” of the Fifth Day of the week  [i.e. at noon, Thursday, April 23, 16 CE  (±3-4 days.)]

 

 

XI.  Yeshua in the Nazareth synagogue on the Day of the Sabbaths:

 

Luke 4:16 KJV  And2532 he came2064 to1519 Nazareth,3478 where3757 he had been2258 brought up:5142 and,2532 as2596 his846 custom1486 was, he went1525 into1519 the3588 synagogue4864 on1722 the3588 sabbath4521 day,2250 and2532 stood up450 for to read.314

 

Luke 4:16 TLT+ And2532 he came2064 to1519 Nazareth,3478 where3757 he had been2258 brought up:5142 and,2532 as2596 his846 custom1486 was, he went1525 into1519 the3588 synagogue4864 on1722 the3588 Day2250 of the3588 Sabbaths4521, and2532 stood up450 for to read.314

 

The Greek words used in Textus Receptus ”τη3588 T-DSF ημερα2250 N-DSF  των3588 T-GPN  σαββατων4521 N-GPN,” are literally translated “the Day of the Sabbaths.” The words translated “the Day” are both in the feminine dative singular format; dative indicating “point of time” (cf. Jay, Eric G., New Testament Greek, pp. 27, 32, & 141.)

The same Greek words, ”τη3588 T-DSF  ημερα2250 N-DSF  των3588 T-GPN  σαββατων4521 N-GPN,” are found in Luke 4:16, in Acts 13:14 and in Acts 16:13. What day exactly is signified by these Greek words? It appears that this term, these words, are being almost certainly defined from the context of Luke 4:16 in the light of the surrounding events previously identified: Yeshua had returned from Jerusalem after the Feast of Unleavened Bread was concluded and following his 40 days of tempting in the desert. This event is recorded by Luke prior to “Andrew and Simon (Cephas) Called as Disciples a Second Time,” which event most likely is therefore subsequent to “the Day of the Shabbats” (cf. Luke 5:10-11and below!) “The Day of the Shabbats” is also certainly placed by Luke before the Shabbat referenced in Luke 6:1-3, which must have been Tishri 5 (or 6) [September 26, 16 CE. Cf. “Plucking grain on Shabbat” below!]

 

But the only biblical Feast Day that I am aware of within the above time period is Hag Ha-Shavout, also known as the Feast of Weeks, the Day of Pentecost, and the Day of Jubilee.

 

Thus, the Day of the Shabbats, and the event recorded in Luke 4:16-31, happened (presumably) on Sivan 11 or 12, 16 CE [Saturday June 6, 16 CE]

 

 

 

XII.           Andrew and Simon (Cephas) Called as Disciples a Second Time:

 

“12 Now when Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison, he departed into Galilee; 13 And leaving Nazareth, he came and dwelt in Capernaum, which is upon the sea coast, in the borders of Zabulon and Nephthalim: 14 That it might be fulfilled which was spoken by Esaias the prophet, saying, 15 The land of Zabulon, and the land of Nephthalim, by the way of the sea, beyond Jordan, Galilee of the Gentiles; 16 The people which sat in darkness saw great light; and to them which sat in the region and shadow of death light is sprung up. 17 From that time Jesus began to preach, and to say, Repent: for the kingdom of heaven is at hand. 18 And Jesus, walking by the sea of Galilee, saw two brethren, Simon called Peter, and Andrew his brother, casting a net into the sea: for they were fishers. 19 And he saith unto them, Follow me, and I will make you fishers of men. 20 And they straightway left their nets, and followed him. 21 And going on from thence, he saw other two brethren, James the son of Zebedee, and John his brother, in a ship with Zebedee their father, mending their nets; and he called them. 22 And they immediately left the ship and their father, and followed him.” Matt 4:12-22 (KJV.)

 

Although Simon and Andrew evidently are the same disciples in both passages, this record by Matthew is clearly giving reference to another time and place than that referenced in John 1:37-51. Matthew is describing an event in Galilee after “John was cast into prison,” while John is describing an event beyond the river Jordan while John the Baptist was himself a key participant. Thus, Matthew’s account above necessarily represents a second calling of Andrew and Peter. Cf. also Luke 5:10-11:

And1161 so3668 was also2532 James,2385 and2532 John,2491 the sons5207 of Zebedee,2199 which3739 were2258 partners2844 with Simon.4613 And2532 Jesus2424 said2036 unto4314 Simon,4613 Fear5399 not;3361 from575 henceforth3568 thou shalt(2071) catch2221 men.444

“And2532 when they had brought2609 their ships4143 to1909 land,1093 they forsook863 all,537 and followed190 him.846 ” Luk 5:10-11 (KJV.) 

The timing for this second calling of Andrew and Simon, the sons of Jona, and also the calling of James and John, the sons of Zebedee, apparently is closely tied to the time when “Jesus had heard that John was cast into prison [and the time when] he departed into Galilee,” while nonetheless being apparently also subsequent to “the Day of the Shabbats” [Which term is, presumably, the same as the Feast of Weeks, Hag Ha-Shavout, and the Day of Pentecost?] referenced in Luke 4:16 and thus prior to this second calling. More specifically these callings are tied to “that time [when] Jesus began to preach [and while he was] walking by the sea of Galilee.

As seen above (cf. item #X above) Yeshua was detained for two days at Sychar in Samaria on his return from Jerusalem after the Feast of Unleavened Bread. The earliest time that the two days at Sychar could have been is the Second and Third Days of the week, Aviv 23 and 24, 16 CE [Monday and Tuesday April 20 and 21, 16 CE,] thus the timing of this second calling is some time after the Day of the Shabbats, which day, I believe, is the same as Hag Ha-Shavout, which was on the Seventh Day Shabbat, Sivan 11 or 12, 16 CE [Some days or weeks after the Day of the Shabbats, presumably, Saturday June 6, 16 CE?]

 

XIII.        Plucking grain on Shabbat:

 

Luk 6:1(KJV) “And it came to pass on the second Sabbath after the first, that he went through the corn fields; and his disciples plucked the ears of corn, and did eat…”

Luke specifies this Shabbat as the Second-First Shabbat, which references the First Shabbat in the Second cycle of 24 weekly temple services (or else the second Shabbat in the First cycle of 24 courses) for the priests at Jerusalem.  Counting this Shabbat according to the available facts, re the timing of the 24 courses of priests and Levites servicing the temple, I arrive at  the 31st Shabbat of the year counting from Aviv 1, 16 CE, which brings me to the conclusion that the Second-First Shabbat in 16 CE most likely fell out on Oct 31, 16, which was the 10th or 11th day of the 8th Moon or else, if there was aviv on Thursday Feb 27 or Friday Feb 28, 16 and the New Moon crescent was first seen by that time, then the Second-First Shabbat in 16 CE fell out on Saturday Oct 3, 16, which was day (12 or) 13 of the 8th Moon, 16 CE.] (For details of each of the 24 priestly courses cf. my article entitled “24 Courses of Priests and Levites - Facts and Considerations.”)

[Calculations (in the temporary absence of internet and a weekday calendar for 16 CE:) If Saturday June 6, 16 corresponds to Friday Day 158 (Gregorian 2008)  and if Aviv 1, 16 = March 29, 16 corresponds to Saturday Day 89 (Gregorian 2008), then Fri Day 158 – Fri Day 88 (Gregorian 2008) = 70 days = 10 x 7 days and if Day 158, 16 = Saturday then Day 88, 16 = Saturday also and Aviv 1, 16 = March 29, 16 = Day 89, 16 = Sunday. It follows that the 31st Shabbat after [not counting] March 28, 16 = 31wks x 7 days = 217 days after March 28 in any year and 217 days + Day 88 = Day 305 in any year (with a Feb 29added) and Day 305 (Gregorian) is Oct 31 in any year (with a Feb 29added.) Oct 31, 2008 is a Friday and Oct 31, 16 was a Saturday since Day 88, 16 was a Saturday. Oct 31, 16 was the 10th or 11th day of the 8th Moon (unless aviv was found by Feb 27 or 28, 16 CE. If aviv was early then Aviv 1, 16 = February (28 or) 29, 16. Feb 29 is Day 60 (Gregorian) and was a Friday in 2008 and a Saturday in 16 CE (since Day 88, 16 was a Saturday.) It follows that Day 60 + 217 days = Day 277 = October 3 in any year and that October 3, 16 was a Saturday and if Aviv 1, 16 was February 29, 16 then October 3, 16 was Saturday and day (12 or) 13 of the 8th Moon, 16 CE.) Thusly I conclude that the Second-First Shabbat in 16 CE most likely fell out on Oct 31, 16, which was the 10th or 11th day of the 8th Moon or else, if there was aviv on Thursday Feb 27 or Friday Feb 28, 16 and the New Moon crescent was first seen by that time, then the Second-First Shabbat in 16 CE fell out on Saturday Oct 3, 16, which was day (12 or) 13 of the 8th Moon, 16 CE.]

 

 

XIV.        Healing the man with a withered right hand:

 

The words “And it came to pass also on another sabbath” in Luke 6:6 (KJV) are most likely a reference to the Eighth Day following immediately upon the Feast of Tabernacles. The words used in Textus Receptus are “εν1722 ετερω2087 σαββατω4521,” which words are being literally translated in KJV+ “on1722 another2087 sabbath.4521

Luk 6:6 TLT+ And1161 it came to pass1096 also2532 on1722 Shemini Atzeret (the Eighth Day)2087, 4521 that he846 entered1525 into1519 the3588 synagogue4864 and2532 taught:1321 and2532 there1563 was2258 a man444 (2532) whose846 right1188 hand5495 was2258 withered.3584

Accordingly, and based upon the context of other dated events, Luke 6:6 references Tishri 22, 16 CE, which falls out on (the Second or) the Third Day of the week [(Monday or) Tuesday October (12 or) 13, 16 CE. Cf. the calendars below!] The Eighth Day following upon the Feast of Tabernacles is one of the “extra Shabbats,” and not necessarily one of the regular weekly Sabbaths. This is worthy of noticing, particularly in the context of Mark 3:2, which is designating this day merely as a Sabbath! Cf. also Lev 23:36:

Lev 23:36 KJV  Seven days ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: on the eighth day shall be a holy convocation unto you; and ye shall offer an offering made by fire unto the LORD: it is a solemn assembly; and ye shall do no,  servile work therein.

Notice also Mark 3:8, 22 re all the people and the scribes coming down from Jerusalem and elsewhere. Considering the masses of people meeting at Jerusalem at the Feast of Tabernacles it certainly does make sense if the word spread quickly at said Feast, following which the people would have came en masse from there to see Yeshua and to be healed by him! The fresh news about the man healed from his withered hand on the Eighth Day would have been adding fresh fuel to whatever other word that had already gotten around of Yeshua’s healings.

 

 

  Elul/Tishri 16 CE

   September 16 CE

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

 

       1  2  3  4  5

 

 6  7  8  9 10 11 12

 

13 14 15 16 17 18 19

       1  2  3  4  5 – Tishri 1 is Day of Trumpets

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 – The New Moon Crescent was potentially first seen on September 21

 6  7  8  9            or, much more likely, on September 22, 16 CE.

27 28 29 30

 

 

Tishri/Heshvan 16 CE

   October 16 CE

Su Mo Tu We Th Fr Sa

            10 11 12 – Tishri 10 is Day of At-One-Ment

             1  2  3

13 14 15 16 17 18 19 – Tishri 15 is the 1st Day of the Feast of Tabernacles

 4  5  6  7  8  9 10

20 21 22 23 24 25 26 – Tishri 22 is Shemini Atzeret, the Eighth Day, Lev. 23:36.

11 12 13 14 15 16 17

27 28 29 30

28 19 20 21 22 23 24

 

25 26 27 28 29 30 31

 

 

 A study of Shem Tov’s Hebrew Matthew 12:9 and corresponding OT Hebrew language confirms the above conclusions, while also helping us to better understand the biblical Hebrew terminology used for designating the end of the year and the beginning of the next.  In George Howard’s book Hebrew Gospel of Matthew we find the following translation:

 

Matt 12:9 GH “It came to pass at the end of the days that Jesus passed on from there and entered into their Synagogues.”

 

Perhaps the following may be an even clearer translation of the original Hebrew text of Matthew than the above:

 

Matt 12:9 TLT “It came to pass towards the last portion of the year, [that time in the Seventh Month when the Day of At-One-Ment and the Feast of Tabernacles is being observed] that Jesus passed on from there and entered into their Synagogues.”

 

 

 

 

 

XV.           Teaching the multitude at the seaside on “the First of those days,” or “on the same day,” and then sailing off into a storm while Yeshua slept:

 

 

“And it happened on one of the days…” Luke 8:22 (Hendricksson, The Interlinear Bible)

“Now it came to pass on a certain day…” Luke 8:22 (KJV)

“And it began on the first of the days…” Luke 8:22 (TLT)

“The same day…” Matt. 13:1 (KJV)

“…on that day…” Matt. 13:1 (Hendricksson, The Interlinear Bible)

“…on that very day…” Matt. 13:1 (TLT)

“…on that day, evening having come…” Mark 4:(1,) 35 (Hendricksson, The Interlinear Bible)

“…on that very day, evening having come…” Mark 4:(1,) 35 (TLT)

 

Three of the four gospels are using a rather rare emphasis when introducing the events of this particular day.  Evidently this day is worthy of particular emphasis or other words would have been used. Most translators seem to have toned down the emphasis placed upon this timed event. Perhaps because they failed to see the connections to other events also described in the context though not in the most immediate context? It seems to me that this particular day may be receiving its emphasis because apparently John the Baptist was beheaded on the evening following upon the events of the day here described (cf. Matt. 11:2, 7; 14:1-2; Luke 7:19, 24; 9:7.) This is apparently the day when Yeshua’s mother and brethren were seeking him (cf. Matt. 12:46-50; Luke 8:19-21.) It is also apparently the day when Yeshua told the parable of the sower (cf. Matt. 13:3-8, 18-23, 36-40, 53; Mark 4:3-20, 34-35; Luke 8:5-15.) In the evening they left and sailed across to the other side (cf. Matt. 13:53; Mark 4:35; Luke 8:22-26.)

 

A question may be raised as to whether this Day One is the First Day of the week following immediately upon the Shabbat when his disciples plucked the corn and/or the man with the withered hand was healed (Matt. 12:1, 10; Mark 3:1-2.) If so then this would be evidence that this is indeed a reference to the First Day of the week rather than to a month, wouldn’t it? However, the events recorded in Matt. 12:14-15, 22, 24, 38, and in Mark 3:6, 13, 14, 20, 22 seems to indicate somewhat more time consuming events than what may fit into one single Sabbath. Nevertheless, the time reference in Luke 8:22 may still be to the First Day of the week, albeit not necessarily the one immediately following upon said Shabbat.

 

The words used by Luke may be translated “on one of the days,” “on the first of the days,” “on this most important of the days,” or perhaps even “on the first of the days of the month” as may be indicated also by Yeshua’s “going up into a mountain” (Mark 3:13,) i.e. to get a better view of the new moon. If the beheading of John the Baptist occurred on Shevat 2, 17 CE as concluded below, then each and all of the above translations are valid, because the events described by both Luke and Matthew occurred, as it may appear, during the day preceding the evening starting Shevat 2, i.e. on Shevat 1, 17 CE [January (Monday 18 or) Tuesday 19, 17 CE].

 

 

XVI.        The last of the twelve being called (e.g. Matthew,) and the twelve being ordained:

 

The event recorded in Mark 3:12-19 and Luke 6:12-16 (cf. Matt. 8:34-9:9 where it appears as though Matthew was called for the second time (cf. Matt. 11:1 item #XV above!) after Yeshua’s return from the country of the Gadarenes; and Matt. 10:1-42) apparently took place on the same day as identified under item #XV above, i.e. on Shevat 1, 17 CE [January (18 or) 19, 17 CE].

 

 

XVII.     The beheading of John the Baptist:

 

The beheading of John the Baptist by Herod at the request of Herodias: At, or shortly before, the time of plucking grain on Shabbat John the Baptist was in prison.  According to most translations of the scriptures John was beheaded in connection with a feast held in commemoration of Herod’s “birthday.” However, it is more likely that the Greek is giving reference to a feast in commemoration of Herod’s accession. This event took place some time prior to a Passover.  But Herod’s de facto accession was concurrent with the death of Herod the Great, which, according to Earnest L. Martin, occurred in 1 B.C. on one of three special Jewish days of commemoration.  The last one of these three days is likely pertaining to the death of Herod the Great, i.e. per Earnest L. Martin’s interpretation of Megillath Taanith (Scroll of Fasting.) [Cf. Earnest L. Martin’s web-site]  This day is Shevat 2, i.e. the 2nd day in the eleventh biblical month.  Shevat 2 in 17 CE occurred on January (19 or) 20 (starting at sunset the previous night.)

If, on the other hand, Herod the Great died in 8 BCE as concluded by Ronald L. Conte (based upon Josephus’ eclipse and a thorough consideration of all possible lunar eclipses specified in Fred Espenak’s astronomical tables) then our focus should be Shevat 2, 8 BCE [January 14 or 15, 8 BCE,] and if Herod held his “birthday” celebration according to the Julian calendar he would have done so on Tevet 26 or 27, 17 CE, which is 4-6 days prior to Schebat 2 of that year.

Thus, John the Baptist may well have been beheaded on or around Thursday January 14, Friday January 15, or evening of January (Tuesday, 19 or) Wednesday 20, 17 CE.

 

 

XVIII.  Driving out the evil spirits named Legion in the country of the Gadarenes:

 

From the parallel passages of Matthew 12:24-14:2, Mark 3:13-6:15, and Luke 8:4-9:9 one may deduce that Matthew(?) and John most likely did not participate in the journeys by boat roundtrip across the Sea of Galilee to the country of the Gadarenes.  (Had there been a parallel of John it should most likely have been placed between John chapters 5 and 6. Matt. 8:23-9:26 does relate several of events missing in chapters 12-14, but notice that Matthew himself was not called to follow Yeshua until the time of Matt. 9:9 (Cf. Mark 3:13-18, which calling event may have occurred on the very day preceding the evening when Yeshua went by boat to the country of the Gadarenes.) Thus Matthew may well be retelling prior events told him by other disciples?) Further, one may deduce that because of this trip, and the timing of it, Yeshua did not hear about the beheading of John the Baptist for a few days, i.e. until after his return from the country of the Gadarenes.  Quite possibly this bad news was not immediately made public, but was instead delayed until the popularity of Yeshua was impressed upon Herod a few days after John was beheaded, i.e. as recorded in the gospels. By comparing the timing of items XV above and XX below, it becomes obvious that Yeshua visited the country of the Gadarenes from Shevat 2 until before the Shabbat hours of Shevat 6 or 7, 17 CE [i.e. from January (19 or) 20 until some time before sunset January 22, 17 CE.]

 

 

XIX.        Matthew being called the second time(?):

 

Based upon Matthew’s own record, and upon  the subject matter of items #XV, XVI, and XVIII above, it appears as though Matthew was called a second time on the Sixth day of the week, Shevat 5 or 6, 17 CE [Friday, January 22, 17 CE.]

 

 

XX.           Unsuccessful mission to Yeshua’s “own country”:

 

"And when the sabbath day was come, he began to teach in the synagogue: and many hearing him were astonished, saying, From whence hath this man these things? and what wisdom is this which is given unto him, that even such mighty works are wrought by his hands?" Mark 6:2 (KJV.)

 

Provided the dating of items #XVIII above and XXII below are correct it is an easy matter to date the Shabbat referenced in Mark 6:2, being that this is the last and only Shabbat within this same time period, i.e. Shevat 6 or 7, 17 CE [January 23, 17 CE.]

 

 

XXI.        Sending out the disciples “by two and two”:

 

The events recorded in Mark 6:7-13 (cf. Matt. 10:1-42) must be placed between items #XX above and XXII below.  Thus this event took place between Shabbat, Shevat 6 or 7 and the Fifth Day of the week, Shevat 11 or 12, 17 CE [between Saturday, January 23 and Thursday, January 28, 17 CE.]

 

 

 

XXII.     Feeding 5.000 from five loaves and two fishes, and

XXIII.  Yeshua walking on the waters of the Sea of Galilee:

 

The feeding of the 5.000 from five loaves and two fishes: From Matt. 14:10-17 we learn that Yeshua learned about the death of John shortly after it happened and that this is the time when 5000 were served from five loaves and two fishes.  From the context it appears that this event occurred on a Thursday afternoon/evening, if so then likely this event took place in the late afternoon or evening of either January 21 (New Moon approaching 1st quarter moon) or January 28, 17 CE (approaching full moon) [Schebat 4, 5, 11, or 12 (Schebat is the 11th biblical month).]  However, adding the requirement of a Shabbat between items #XVII and XXII above obviates the first option while leaving us only the latter option. Was the moon visible when Yeshua walked upon the water in the 4th watch of the subsequent night, thus making it possible for the disciples to see him from some distance walking on the water? If so, Yeshua walked on water before dawn on Friday just before astronomical full moon [which occurred 1-30-0017 at 22:06,] since the new moon is only visible in the early hours of night, and because the moon was only above the Sea of Galilee horizon in the fourth watch [checking moon ups between 02:40 and sunrise] from 1-27-0017 through 2-12-0017! (On January 29, 17 CE the moon would have been visible between west and westnorthwest at 3 AM, thence moving slightly past westnorthwest before setting about 05:40 AM with the first light of dawn, sun rise being about 06:57 AM [all times here given is Sea of Galilee solar time 2hr 22 min east from GMT].) Cf. Matt. 14:25, Mark 6:48-51, and John 6:19.

 

 

 

XXIV.  The Transfiguration experience “upon an high mountain”

 

See: The Transfiguration Event.

 

 

 

XXV.     Was the blind man who was cured on Sabbath cured on the same Eighth Day which included the Transfiguration experience? And did the Transfiguration event take place on the mount of Olives?

 

Yeshua cured a blind man on a Shabbat while passing out of the Temple [Cf. John 8:59 and 9:1.] Apparently this Shabbat of cure occurred “in the [same] morning [when] he came again into the temple” (cf. John 7:37 and 8:1), following upon “the last day, that great day of the feast”, i.e. after the 7th day of the Feast of Tabernacles.  But, if that is so, then “the last day, that great day of the feast” [of Tabernacles] occurred on a Friday.  But the only years (checking 15-37 CE) when the 8th Day could have been a Friday night, were the same years as discussed re the Transfiguration event [Cf. #XXIV above.]  Since John is not otherwise giving reference to the Transfiguration event and since the timing for the curing of the blind man follows a reference to “the last day, that great day of the feast [of Tabernacles]” when according to this scriptural passage Yeshua was present at the temple in Jerusalem, I conclude that most likely the blind man was cured on the same Sabbath and within the same 24 hour day [October 2, 17 CE] upon which the Transfiguration event took place, i.e. as related by Matthew, Mark, and Luke. If this is so, then the “high mountain” referenced by Matthew, Mark , and Luke re the transfiguration event was “the mount of Olives” [Cf. John 8:1.] However, it is not entirely clear what part, if any, of the events here recorded by John belongs to “the feast of the dedication”, which belongs to the next event calling for Yeshua to be present in Jerusalem (Cf. John 10:21-23), and which events are tied to Kislev 25. The feast of Dedication is tied to Kislev 25 [e.g. Friday December 3, 17 CE] Nonetheless, I find it unlikely, considering the cunning plans of the priests against Yeshua, that Yeshua arrived a full week prior to the Feast of Dedication such that the Sabbath cure could have taken place immediately prior to the subsequent Friday Feast of Dedication:

 

In the last day, that great day of the feast, Jesus stood and cried, saying, If any man thirst, let him come unto me, and drink.” John 7:37 (KJV)

 

 “And every man went unto his own house.”

“Jesus went unto the mount of Olives. And early in the morning he came again into the temple, and all the people came unto him; and he sat down, and taught them. John 7:53-8:2 (KJV)

 

“Then took they up stones to cast at him: but Jesus hid himself, and went out of the temple, going through the midst of them, and so passed by. And as Jesus passed by, he saw a man which was blind from his birth.” John 8:59-9:1 (KJV)

 

“And it was the sabbath day when Jesus made the clay, and opened his eyes.” John 9:14 (KJV)

 

“Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a devil. Can a devil open the eyes of the blind? And it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter. And Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch.” John 10:21-23 (KJV)

 

Here there is apparently a reference back to the healing of “the eyes of the blind” man that is in this verse associated with “the feast of the dedication” Kislev 25. So, does this obviate our conclusion that the healing of the blind man took place on the Eighth Day, or does it not? Cf. below at “Yeshua at the Feast of Dedication!”

 

 

 

XXVI.  Yeshua at the Feast of Dedication:

 

Joh 10:21  KJV  Others said, These are not the words of him that hath a devil. Can a devil open the eyes of the blind?

.

.

.

Joh 10:22  KJV  And it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter.

Joh 10:23  KJV  And Jesus walked in the temple in Solomon's porch.

Joh 10:24  KJV  Then came the Jews round about him, and said unto him, How long dost thou make us to doubt? If thou be the Christ, tell us plainly.

Joh 10:31 KJV  Then the Jews took up stones again to stone him.

Joh 10:39  KJV  Therefore they sought again to take him: but he escaped out of their hand,

Joh 10:40  KJV  And went away again beyond Jordan into the place where John at first baptized; and there he abode.

 

Notice the repetition of “again!” Isn’t this quite obviously in reference back to the recent events of just a few weeks earlier and the events that occurred on the Eighth Day [October 2, 17 CE] and which events are related in John 7:37-10:18? After the stoning event and escape of Yeshua related in John 8:59-9:1 as apparently related to “the last day, that great day of the feast” (John 7:37,) isn’t it much more likely that there is a greater space of time intervening prior to this repetition of events than a few hours or at most a very few days?

 

The Feast of Dedication occurs annually on Kislev 25.  Thus, if the crucifixion was in 18 CE then the preceding Feast of Dedication began at sunset Thursday night December 3, 17 CE.

 

“And it was at Jerusalem the feast of the dedication, and it was winter” John 10:22 (KJV.) This reference of John to “winter” may be considered a weak and inconclusive argument in favor of one of the many years when Kislev 25 fell at or after mid-December, which is the time period commonly associated with the English word “winter” in Israel.  However, the corresponding Greek word in the Textus Receptus, Strong’s #5494, does not necessarily refer to winter, but is defined thusly: “from a derivation of cheo (to pour; akin to the base of 5490 through the idea of a channel), meaning a storm (as pouring rain); by implication the rainy season, that is winter”.

 

When does winter begin? “The climate of Bethlehem for the greater part of the year is pleasant. Winter lasts for three months, from mid-December to mid-March, and can be severe… The rainy season starts in the second half of autumn (mid-October) and continues until the end of April.” (From bethlehem-city.org )

 

Nevertheless, the years (15-37 CE) when Kislev 25 fell in mid-December or later are these:  The winters starting in 15(?), 16, 18, 21, 24, 26, 27, 28(??), 29, 31(??), 32, 34, 35, and 37.

 

 

 

 

 

XXVII.                       Three references (Luke 13:1-4, 11, 16) to “eighteen” in the early part of the 18th Year of Tiberius: 1. Pilate murdering Galileans sacrificing at the Temple, 2. 18 men who died when the Tower of Siloam fell on them, 3. A woman crippled by an evil spirit for 18 years and unable to stand up straight:

 

Luk 13:1 KJV  There were present at that season some that told him of the Galilaeans, whose blood Pilate had mingled with their sacrifices.

Luk 13:2 KJV  And Jesus answering said unto them, Suppose ye that these Galilaeans were sinners above all the Galilaeans, because they suffered such things?

Luk 13:3 KJV  I tell you, Nay: but, except ye repent, ye shall all likewise perish.

Luk 13:4 KJV  Or those eighteen, upon whom the tower in Siloam fell, and slew them, think ye that they were sinners above all men that dwelt in Jerusalem?

Luk 13:11 KJV  And, behold, there was a woman which had a spirit of infirmity eighteen years, and was bowed together, and could in no wise lift up herself.

Luk 13:16 KJV  And ought not this woman, being a daughter of Abraham, whom Satan hath bound, lo, these eighteen years, be loosed from this bond on the sabbath day?

 

I find it interesting that the only three usages of the number eighteen in the entire New Testament are tied to the early part of the 18th Year of Tiberius as dated within this chronology study. I have found that the last dated events (that I’ve discovered in Luke thus far) prior to Luke 13 are Luke 9:28-30, 37 (i.e. “the transfiguration event that occurred on Tishri 22, 17 CE [After the beginning of Sabbath, Friday night after sunset October 1, 17 CE.]) and Luke 9:51; 10:38-39 (heading to Jerusalem and the Feast of Dedication (Kislev 25 [December 3,] 17 CE) and visiting with Martha and Mary,) and that the first dated events (that I’ve discovered in Luke thus far) subsequent to Luke 13:1-16 are found in Luke 13:22; 15:1; 17:11; 18:35; 19:1-6, and 19:8-10 (dated Aviv 1 [April 5,] 18 CE), which series of events all seem tied to Yeshua’s last journey to Jerusalem prior to his crucifixion.

Perhaps this could be taken as a direct Scriptural hint, even as Scriptural confirmation?, that these events are correctly dated to the 18th biblical Year of the reign of Tiberius? Perhaps the number 18, i.e. 6+6+6, may be for us a reminder of the Mark of the Beast which was to attach briefly also to Yeshua as the title to his name was sold by Judas into the trusteeship of the Beast / local Government? Perhaps the importance, for each of us, of recognizing this type of subject relationship to a State is emphasized also by the one and only sign to be given this “evil and adulterous generation?”:

Mat 12:39 KJV  But he answered and said unto them, An evil and adulterous generation seeketh after a sign; and there shall no sign be given to it, but the sign of the prophet Jonah:

At any rate, based upon the above referenced series of events, I conclude that Luke 13:1-16 references an event that took place between the Feast of Dedication on Kislev 25 in the 18th biblical year after the beginning of the reign of Caesar Tiberius [Friday December 3, 17 CE,] and some days prior to Aviv 1 [April 5,] 18 CE.

 

 

XXVIII.                    An outline of the daily events of the Crucifixion week based upon the Greek N.T. (Textus Receptus):

 

To see the details of this study please click here!

 

 

 

XXIX.   The timeline re N.T. events beyond the end of the four Gospels: Acts of the Apostles; the Letters of Paul, Peter, John, James, & Jude; Revelation

 

Click this link to pursue these items!

 

 

 

XXX.      The War and the Destruction of Jerusalem:

 

Click this link for my complete study "The War and the Destruction of Jerusalem"!

 

 

 

XXXI.   John’s captivity on Patmos:

 

Click this link to pursue this item!

 

 

 

 

 


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