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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)

 

Created 5928± 08 18 2024 [2007-11-01]

Updated 5928± 01 12 2024 [2008-04-19]

 

 

Caesar Augustus’ Birth and Age of Life

as Calculated by Josephus and Suetonius

-

Perfect Agreement!

 

 

 

 

Abstract:

 

After having previously wrestled with the question of how to correctly understand Josephus’ and Suetonius’ apparently discrepant statements re Augustus’ birth and age at death and in so doing only achieved questionable satisfaction considering Josephus otherwise consistent precision re dates and calculations re events, reigns, and ages of life, I am now blessed with the added understanding of what I believe is the correct Scriptural year as beginning with the Eighth Day, HaAzeret. Praise the Lord of Lords!

 

With this last added insight I am now able to recognize that Augustus’ mothers’ LMP apparently began on the Day of At-One-Ment, that Augustus was conceived at the beginning of the Eighth Day, that his quickening concurred with the month associated with the sign of Capricorn, that Jupiter was in the constellation Capricorn for the entire year in which Augustus was conceived on October 4, 68 BCE, and that Augustus was delivered on the 26th Day of the 3rd Moon, all these numbers and dates being highly significant from a Scriptural point of view.

 

Considering also that Augustus’ age of life was an exact perfected multiple of the number 11 and that his birth (beginning, conception) occurred amidst extensive sacrifices of newborn aristocratic babies being killed due to the fear of a new king being born, I find that this is also a focus of the Great Controversy between God and Satan, between Good and Evil, between constructivism and destructiveness. A study of the sacrificial rites associated with Dis Pater, god of Hades and of the Roman underworld, and with the last three days of the year and the beginning of the new year, and the numbers 11, 110, 1000, and the age of man, as evidenced also in Tacitus’ record of Caesar Otho’s last two days of life [cf. 1 Sam 28:7, 19; 31:4-5,] and in the 9/11/2001 WTC [which “one hour” “one day” event (cf. Rev. 18:8, 10!) may be considered Scripturally dated on the Eighth Day, Tishri 22, the first day of the Second Year of the Third Millennium after the beginning of the reign of Caesar Tiberius] event makes for most interesting correlations indeed, and ought to alert each and everyone of the importance of the warning messages given each one of us by the second and fourth angels in Revelation 14:8 and 18:1-5!

 

I also find these words of Suetonius interesting [Please note that the dates below (in 48 BCE) reflect the post-Julian calendar reform of 51 BCE, not 46 BCE, cf. below!:]

 

“After Quintus Catulus had dedicated the Capitol, he had dreams on two nights in succession: first…; the next night he dreamt that he saw this same boy… declaring that the boy was being reared to be the saviour of his country. When Catulus next day met Augustus, whom he had never seen before, he looked at him in great surprise and said that he was very like the boy of whom he had dreamed.”

 

The beginning of Augustus’ reign, some time following September 23, 48 BCE [Elul (or Tishri) 25, 48 BCE.]: “He received offices and honours before the usual age, and some of a new kind and for life. He usurped the consulship in the twentieth year of his age, leading his legions against the city as if it were that of an enemy, and sending messengers to demand the office for him in the name of his army; and p161when the Senate hesitated, his centurion, Cornelius, leader of the deputation, throwing back his cloak and showing the hilt of his sword, did not hesitate to say in the House, "This will make him consul, if you do not." “(Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars, The Life of Augustus)

 

With this study I find perfect consistency and agreement between Josephus and Suetonius relative to Augustus’ age of life as well as the length of his reign.

 

I wish to emphasize that I could not possibly have discovered these results without using the Scriptural principles of basing all time references upon observable events of the sun, the moon, the stars, and comets in accord with that which is defined for the fourth day of Creation as recorded in Genesis 1:14!

 

Praise the Lord of Lords!, him that made heaven, and earth, and the sea, and the fountains of waters (Revelation 14:7.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Considerations and Calculations re Augustus’ birth and death:

 

Let’s see now! Considering the footnote added to Suetonius’ 5th paragraph, below quoted, I might be able to deduce a more correct Hebrew/Biblical calendar date for Augustus’ birth. Recognizing that Caesar Julius corrected the drifting Roman calendar years by making not 46 BCE (relative to the conventional 44 BCE of Julius’ death,) but 51 BCE (revised date for Julius’ death being 49 BCE,) 445 days long, we may extrapolate as follows:

1.       Assuming that 50 BCE was synchronous with the seasons as intended;

2.       Assuming also that the year of the founding of Rome (April 21, 753 BCE) was likewise synchronous with the seasons;

3.       Assuming that the drift of the year from year to year was more or less the same over the interval 753-50 BCE we may then extrapolate the total drift which should be 365.25-445=79.75 days total, or about 79.75/(753-50)=79.75/703=0.113 days per year.

4.       If Augustus died in 10 CE and if that is 77 years after his birth, as per Josephus’ record, then Augustus was born [Josephus would likely use birth = conception] in 10 CE – 77 years = -67 (68 BCE.)

5.       68 BCE is 68-50=18 years before Julius’ calendar reform, thus the correction should be 18x.113=2.04 days.

6.       Accordingly, if the total correction was 90 days then the appropriate correction should be 90-2=88 days in 68 BCE.

7.       If the contemporary calendar read September 23 of that year when Augustus was delivered [Suetonius would likely use birth = delivery] then the seasonally corrected date should be about 88 days prior to September 23. Counting September=23 days, August=31 days, and July=31 days I get 85 days total, which should bring me to June 28 for Augustus’ birthday (delivery day.)

8.       If Augustus’ seasonally corrected date of delivery EDC was June 28 [Sivan (or Tammuz) 26 (or 27), 67 BCE; Notice the number 26 as well as 3, i.e. the Third Moon, Sivan!] then his mom’s LMP should have been September 21 [Elul or Tishri 11, 68 BCE; Notice its relationship to the Day of At-One-Ment!] and he should have been conceived around October 5 [Elul or Tishri 22, 68 BCE; Notice its relationship to the Eighth Day and the beginning of the Scriptural year!]

9.       If Augustus died Av 19 or 20, 10 CE [August 19, 10 CE,] then…

10.    Using a reverse count (cf. Josephus’ calculations of Augustus’ and Otho’s reigns!) and using the beginning of the year at Tishri 22, then Augustus could indeed have been considered exactly 77 years old when he died (regardless of when he died within that entire biblical year beginning Tishri 22, 9 CE!) especially if date of conception was based upon LMP + 11 days (rather than on ovulation) which makes a whole lot of sense considering that the sperm may survive after deposit for about three days, thus making the women fertile beginning with intercourse on that day.

11.    How does this relate to Suetonius’ statement that Augustus died before his 76th birthday? Well, if that count is based upon Augustus’ delivery date as reckoned upon September 23, 67 BCE, then he would have been 1 year old in 66 BCE, 66 years old in 1 BCE, 67 years old in 1 CE, and 76 years old on September 23, 10 CE, would he not? So that too is a perfect fit, is it not?

 

One remaining problem then would be the claims that Augustus was born in Capricorn, which sign is associated with a month somewhere between mid December and mid February?:

 

Here are a few suggestions for a solution to this potential problem – and perhaps this is not a problem at all?:

1.       On October 4, 68 BCE when Augustus was conceived, i.e. "born," Jupiter was in Capricorn for an extended period of time: December 24, 69 BC - January 6, 67 BC. Could this be the reason for the fear of a new king and for the killing of babies during that particular period of time? Or isn't Jupiter very much associated with kings and rulers in astrology? And then when, as I find, that Augustus was conceived/born at the very beginning of that Scripture year, i.e. on Tishri 22, 68 BCE, isn't that reason enough for an enlightened initiate to do what Theogenes did, or to quote the event in the words of Suetonius?!:

"Augustus persisted in concealing the time of his birth and in refusing to disclose it, through diffidence and fear that he might be found to be less eminent. When he at last gave it unwillingly and hesitatingly, and only after many requests, Theogenes sprang up and threw himself at his feet."

2.       Could it be that the natal event was based upon something other than delivery or conception, perhaps upon the quickening event which usually occurs in about the 16th-20th week of pregnancy, and which for Augustus would have happened in January or February 67 BCE (seasonally adjusted,) i.e. within a month generally associated with the sign of Capricorn?

3.       Or is the solution simply although Augustus was delivered September 23, 67 BCE, more importantly he was conceived nine months prior on December 27, 68 BCE (Capricorn being associated with December 22-January 19 (tropical)) as determined by the calendar in use prior to Julius’ calendar reform? In other words: Augustus wasn’t really born in the month associated with Capricorn in a seasonally adjusted calendar. Considering a seasonally corrected calendar Augustus was conceived and delivered in some other signs. By thus forgetting about the Julian calendar reform and by misapplying the astrological signs upon the uncorrected pre-Julian calendar reform Roman calendar one might thus find a basis for Suetonius’ words “the sign of the constellation Capricornus, under which he was born.”

 

Per a corrected calendar (cf. above!) Augustus was conceived October 4 [Tishri 21, 68 BCE, which corresponds to Libra, and delivered June 28, 67 BCE, which day corresponds to Cancer.

 

Another remaining problem would be the fact that in 9 CE and 10 CE only three total or annular solar eclipses occurred, none of them visible from the Roman Empire. In fact the last prior total solar eclipses visible from the Roman Empire were two eclipses seen in 5 CE. Extending the watch forwards in time is not much better (Courtesy of Fred Espenak and NASA.) The first total solar eclipse visible from the Roman Empire following said years occurred February 15, 17 CE, i.e. unless a solar eclipse visible from South Africa on October 23, 13 CE is considered. Thus it seems that Dio’s statement regarding a total solar eclipse omen must either be based upon a miscalculation (understandable) and not on an actual observation, or else be referring back to the two total solar eclipses visible from North Africa in 5 CE, which is certainly a good possibility considering the length of Augustus’ reign.

 

 

 

 

 

When did Augustus begin his reign?

When did Augustus’ 20th year of age begin (as per Suetonius?)

 

1.       Per the above Augustus’ seasonally corrected date of birth, as defined by Suetonius, just before sunrise on the ninth day before the Kalends of October,” is June 28 [Sivan (or Tammuz) 26 (or 27), 67 BCE.

2.       However, by the time Augustus began his 20th year, as defined by Suetonius, the calendar had been revised by Caesar Julius, and thus Augustus’ 20th year, as defined by Suetonius, began on his 19th birthday on September 23, 48 BCE [Elul (or Tishri) 25, 48 BCE] and ended on his 20th birthday September 23, 47 BCE.

3.       Per Josephus:

“the Roman empire was translated to Tiberius, the son of Julia, upon the death of Augustus, who had reigned fifty-seven years, six months, and two days” (Josephus, The Antiquities of the Jews, 18.32.)

4.       Using Josephus’ reverse counting, i.e. parallel to his age of life calculations, and based upon the year of Augustus’ death beginning Tishri 22, 9 CE, “fifty-seven years” brings me to Tishri 22, 47 BCE, “six months” brings me to Aviv 1, 47 BCE, and “two days” brings me to Adar 27 or 28, 47 BCE [April 1 or 2, 47 BCE ± 1 lunar month (March 3 or May 1)] (cf. #2 above - agreement!)

 

 

5.       NOTICE!: 490 years before Adar 27 or 28, 47 BCE brings us very close to 538 BCE, to the events related in Ezra 1:1; 3:1, and to the end of the 70 years of bondage in Babylon, does it not?

6.       Notice also that the 37th year of Nebuchadnezzar is shortly before the beginning of those 490 years, which year is exactly dated astronomically by means of Babylonian tablets, and that likewise this next 490 year period (48 BCE – 443 CE) is preceded by a major calendar revision under Caesar Julius’ reign. The introduction of more general usage of the Julian calendar was began in the 5th century by a Roman Catholic monk who at that time, I believe, introduced the terms B.C. and A.D.. The next 490 year era would reach from 443 CE – 983 CE. Thence we’d have 983 CE - 1473 CE [cf. the Gregorian calendar and Aloysius Lilius,] and then 1473 CE – 1963 CE (What happened in 1963? – What about the 2nd Vatican Council? – Or, probably more significant: Time keeping by means of atomic time clocks?? – Or for me: My first reading of the entire Scriptures and perhaps some of my fundamental interest in beginnings and God’s calendar?)

 

 

 

Thoughts – Brain storming:

7.       What if anything happened 62x7=434 years after 538 BCE, i.e. 104 BCE? And what if anything in 55 BCE, i.e. at the beginning of the last 7 years of those 490 years? And what in the middle of those last 7 years, i.e. in spring of 51? Would it not have been the work on the Julian reform of the calendar introduced in 50 CE?

8.       70 years from 48 BCE reaches to 23 CE, which is when Tiberius died.

9.       48 BCE – 16 BCE when Yeshua was born is 32 years. Yeshua began his mission at age 30, which brings us to 62 of 70 years. Yeshua was crucified in 18 CE or 65 years into the 1st 70 years of that 490 year cycle. The destruction of Jerusalem and its temple took place in 55 CE, i.e. 47+55=102 years or 32 years into the 2nd 70 year cycle of that 490 year era.

10.    1260 years = 490 + 490 + (39 +1) x 7 years; or 490 + 490 + (3+1) x 70 years;

11.    40 = 39 + 1

12.    The 4th is the middle part of 7.

13.    Time, times, and ½ a time = 280 + 2x490; and the middle part is a 7

14.    1963 – 2007 = 45 years; 1963 – 2012 = 49 years

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoting Josephus:

“2. As Coponius, who we told you was sent along with Cyrenius, was exercising his office of procurator, and governing Judea, the following accidents happened. As the Jews were celebrating the feast of unleavened bread, which we call the Passover, it was customary for the priests to open the temple-gates just after midnight. When, therefore, those gates were first opened, some of the Samaritans came privately into Jerusalem, and threw about dead men's bodies, in the cloisters; on which account the Jews afterward excluded them out of the temple, which they had not used to do at such festivals; and on other accounts also they watched the temple more carefully than they had formerly done. A little after which accident Coponius returned to Rome, and Marcus Ambivius came to be his successor in that government; under whom Salome, the sister of king Herod, died, and left to Julia, [Caesar's wife,] Jamnia, all its toparchy, and Phasaelis in the plain, and Arehelais, where is a great plantation of palm trees, and their fruit is excellent in its kind. After him came Annius Rufus, under whom died Caesar, the second emperor of the Romans, the duration of whose reign was fifty-seven years, besides six months and two days (of which time Antonius ruled together with him fourteen years; but the duration of his life was seventy-seven years); upon whose death Tiberius Nero, his wife Julia's son, succeeded. He was now the third emperor; and he sent Valerius Gratus to be procurator of Judea, and to succeed Annius Rufus. This man deprived Ananus of the high priesthood, and appointed Ismael, the son of Phabi, to be high priest. He also deprived him in a little time, and ordained Eleazar, the son of Ananus, who had been high priest before, to be high priest; which office, when he had held for a year, Gratus deprived him of it, and gave the high priesthood to Simon, the son of Camithus; and when he had possessed that dignity no longer than a year, Joseph Caiaphas was made his successor. When Gratus had done those things, he went back to Rome, after he had tarried in Judea eleven years, when Pontius Pilate came as his successor.” (Josephus, Antiquities XVIII:2:2.)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Quoting Suetonius:

“5 Augustus was born just before sunrise on the ninth day before the Kalends of October  in the consulship of Marcus Tullius Cicero and Gaius Antonius…

a the ninth day before the Kalends of October: The 23rd of September was Augustus's birthdate in the calendar of the time. It was, however, out of whack with the seasons, as is proved by the frequent statement in ancient authors that his birth sign was Capricorn; some modern writers state that Capricorn was the sign under which he was conceived.

Other evidence as to the actual date of his birthday includes the location of the Ara Pacis in relation to the Obelisk of Augustus (see this article) and some of the emperor's coinage, depicting Capricorn, said to be the sign under which he was born (or, according to others — seeking to get around the calendrical difficulties, I think — conceived). A page on this whole question will probably show up on this site in the fullness of time; this is one of the pages slated to receive a link to it when it does.

“8 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]At the age of four he lost his father. In his twelfth year he delivered a funeral oration to the assembled people in honour of his grandmother Julia. Four years later, after assuming the gown of manhood, he received military prizes at Caesar's African triumph, although he had taken no part in the war on account of his youth. When his uncle presently went to Spain to engage the sons of Pompey, although Augustus had hardly yet recovered his strength after a severe illness, he followed over roads beset by the enemy with only a very few companions, and that too after suffering shipwreck, and thereby greatly endeared himself to Caesar, who soon formed a high opinion of his character over and above the energy with which he had made the journey.

“2  When Caesar, after recovering the Spanish provinces, planned an expedition against the Dacians and then against the Parthians, Augustus, who had been sent on in advance to Apollonia, devoted his leisure to study. As soon as he learned that his uncle had been slain and that he was his heir, he was in doubt for some time whether to appeal to the nearest legions, but gave up the idea as hasty and premature. He did, however, return to the city and enter upon his inheritance, in spite of the doubts of his mother and the strong opposition of his stepfather, the ex-consul Marcius Philippus. 3 Then he levied armies and henceforth ruled the State, at first with Marcus Antonius and Marcus Lepidus, then with Antony alone for nearly twelve years, and finally by himself for forty-four.

10 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]The initial reason for all these wars was this: since he considered nothing more incumbent on him than to avenge his uncle's death and maintain the validity of his enactments, immediately on returning from Apollonia he resolved to surprise Brutus and Cassius by taking up arms against them; and when they foresaw the danger and fled, to resort to law and prosecute them for murder in their absence. Furthermore, since those who had been appointed to celebrate Caesar's victory by games did not dare to do so, he gave them himself. 2 To be able to carry out his other plans with more authority, he announced his candidature for the position of one of the tribunes of the people, who happened to die; though he was a patrician, and not yet a senator.10 But when his designs were opposed by Marcus Antonius, who was then consul, and on whose help he had especially counted, and Antony would not allow him even common and ordinary justice without the promise of a heavy bribe, he went over to the aristocrats, who he knew detested Antony, especially because he was besieging Decimus Brutus at Mutina, and trying to drive him by force of arms from the province given him by Caesar and ratified by the senate. 3 Accordingly at the advice of certain men he hired assassins to kill Antony, and when the plot was discovered, fearing retaliation he mustered veterans, by the use of all the money he could command, both for his own protection and that of the State. Put in command of the army which he had raised, with the rank of propraetor, and bidden to join with Hirtius and Pansa, who had become consuls, in lending aid to Decimus Brutus, he finished the war which had been entrusted to him within three months in two battles. 4 In the former of these, so Antony writes, he took to flight and was not seen again until the next day, when he returned without his cloak and his horse; but in that which followed all agree that he played the part not only a leader, but of a soldier as well, and that, in the thick of the fight, when the eagle-bearer of his legion was sorely wounded, he shouldered the eagle and carried it for some time.

18 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]About this time he had the sarcophagus and body of Alexander the Great brought forth from its shrine,15 and after gazing on it, showed his respect by placing upon it a golden crown and strewing it with flowers; and being then asked whether he wished to see the tomb of the Ptolemies as well, he replied, "My wish was to see a king, not corpses." 2 He reduced Egypt to the form of a province, and then to make it more fruitful and better adapted to supply the city with grain, he set his soldiers at work cleaning out all the canals into which the Nile overflows, which in the course of many years had become choked with mud. To extend the fame of his victory at Actium and perpetuate his memory, he founded a city called Nicopolis near Actium, and provided for the celebration of games there every five years; enlarged the ancient temple of Apollo; and after adorning the site of the camp which he had occupied with naval trophies, consecrated it to Neptune and Mars.b

23 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]He suffered but two severe and ignominious defeats, those of Lollius and Varus, both of which were in Germany. Of these the former was more humiliating than serious, but the latter was almost fatal, since three legions were cut to pieces with their general, his lieutenants, and all the auxiliaries. When the news of this came, he ordered that watch be kept by night throughout the city, to prevent outbreak, and prolonged the terms of the governors of the provinces, that the allies might be held to their allegiance by experienced men with whom they were acquainted. 2 He also vowed great games to Jupiter Optimus Maximus, in case the condition of the commonwealth should improve, a thing which had been done in the Cimbric and Marsic wars. In fact, they saw that he was so greatly affected that for several months in succession he cut neither his beard nor his hair, and sometimes he would dash his head against a door, crying: "Quintilius Varus, give me back my legions!" And he observed the day of the disaster each year as one of sorrow and mourning.

26 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]He received offices and honours before the usual age, and some of a new kind and for life. He usurped the consulship in the twentieth year of his age, leading his legions against the city as if it were that of an enemy, and sending messengers to demand the office for him in the name of his army; and p161when the Senate hesitated, his centurion, Cornelius, leader of the deputation, throwing back his cloak and showing the hilt of his sword, did not hesitate to say in the House, "This will make him consul, if you do not." 2 He held his second consulship nine years later, and a third after a year's interval; the rest up to the eleventh were in successive years, then after declining a number of terms that were offered him, he asked of his own accord for a twelfth after a long interval, no less than seventeen years, and two years later for a thirteenth, wishing to hold the highest magistracy at the time when he introduced each of his sons Gaius and Lucius to public life upon their coming of age. 3 The five consulships from the sixth to the tenth he held for the full year, the rest for nine, six, four, or three months, except the second, which lasted only a few hours; for after sitting for a short time on the curule chair in front of the temple of Jupiter Capitolinus in the early morning, he resigned the honour on the Kalends of January and appointed another in his place. He did not begin all his consulships in Rome, but the fourth in Asia, the fifth on the Isle of Samos, the eighth and ninth at Tarraco.

27 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]He was for ten years a member of the triumvirate…

5  He received the tribunician power for life, and once or twice chose a colleague in the office for periods of five years each. He was also given the supervision of morals and of the laws for all time, and by the virtue of this position, although without the title of censor, he nevertheless took the census thrice, the first and last time with a colleague, the second time alone.

31 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]After he finally had assumed the office of pontifex maximus on the death of Lepidus (for he could not make up his mind to deprive him of the honour while he lived) he collected whatever prophetic writings of Greek or Latin origin were in circulation anonymously or under the names of authors of little repute, and burned more than two thousand of them, retaining only the Sibylline books and making a choice even among those; and he deposited them in two gilded cases under the pedestal of the Palatine Apollo. 2 Inasmuch as the calendar, which had been set in order by the Deified Julius, had later been confused and disordered through negligence, he restored it to its former system;c and in making this arrangement he called the month Sextilis by his own surname, rather than his birth-month September, because in the former he had won his first consulship and his most brilliant victories… He provided that the Lares of the Crossroads should be crowned twice a year, with spring and summer flowers.

c he restored the calendar, which had been set in order by the Deified Julius, but had later been confused: It wasn't much of a confusion, nor consequently of a restoration. There had been a communication problem, a translation error between the Greek astronomer who had done the calculations, and the bureaucrats who implemented it: "every fourth year" for the leap years had been understood by the Latin-speakers as meaning "every third year", since Latin counts inclusively but Greek, as we do today, exclusively. If continued, this would have put the calendar off by a cumulative systematic error of one day every twelve years.

Augustus ordered that the intercalation be set right to one day every fourth year, and that some leap years be skipped to make up for the extra days since 45 B.C. Historians looking for exact dates in Augustus' reign thus need to take into account this slippage and its correction; their task is complicated by our not knowing exactly when the error was caught: see Chris Bennett's very probable solution in his long, thorough note (on an excellent page about Cleopatra, by the way).

50 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]In passports,66 dispatches, and private letters he used as his seal at first a sphinx, later an image of Alexander the Great, and finally his own, carved by the hand of Dioscurides; and this his successors continued to use as their seal. He always attached to all letters the exact hour, not only of the day, but even of the night, to indicate precisely when they were written.

61 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]Now that I have shown how he conducted himself in civil and military positions, and in ruling the State in all parts of the world in peace and in war, I shall next give an account of his private and domestic life, describing his character and his fortune at home and in his household from his youth until the last day of his life.

2  He lost his mother during his first consulship and his sister Octavia in his fifty-fourth year. To both he showed marked devotion during their lifetime, and also paid them the highest honours after their death.

65 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]But at the height of his happiness and his confidence in his family and its training, Fortune proved fickle. He found the two Julias, his daughter and granddaughter, guilty of every form of vice, and banished them. He lost Gaius and Lucius within the span of eighteen months, for the former died in Lycia and the latter at Massilia. He then publicly adopted his third grandson Agrippa and at the same time his stepson Tiberius by a bill passed in the assembly of the curiae;79 but he soon disowned p223Agrippa because of his low tastes and violent temper, and sent him off to Surrentum.

83 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]Immediately after the civil war he gave up exercise with horses and arms in the Campus Martius, at first turning to pass-ball117 and balloon-ball,118 but soon confining himself to riding or taking a walk, ending the latter by running and leaping, wrapped in a mantle or a blanket. To divert his mind he sometimes angled and sometimes played at dice, marbles and nuts119 with little boys, searching p251everywhere for such as were attractive for their pretty faces or their prattle, especially Syrians or Moors; for he abhorred dwarfs, cripples, and everything of that sort, as freaks of nature and of ill omen.

94 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]Having reached this point, it will not be out of place to add an account of the omens which occurred before he was born, on the very day of his birth, and afterwards, from which it was p265possible to anticipate and perceive his future greatness and uninterrupted good fortune.

5  The day he was born the conspiracy of Catiline was before the House…

8  After Quintus Catulus had dedicated the Capitol, he had dreams on two nights in succession: first, that Jupiter Optimus Maximus called aside a number of boys of good family, who were playing around his altar,º and put in the fold of his toga an image of Roma, which he was carrying in his hand; the next night he dreamt that he saw this same boy in the lap of Jupiter of the Capitol, and that when he had ordered that he be removed, the god warned him to desist, declaring that the boy was being reared to be the saviour of his country. When Catulus next day met Augustus, whom he had never seen before, he looked at him in great surprise and said that he was very like the boy of whom he had dreamed.

12  While in retirement at Apollonia, Augustus mounted with Agrippa to the studio of the astrologer Theogenes. Agrippa was the first to try his fortune, and when a great and almost incredible career was predicted for him, Augustus persisted in concealing the time of his birth and in refusing to disclose it, through diffidence and fear that he might be found to be less eminent. When he at last gave it unwillingly and hesitatingly, and p273only after many requests, Theogenes sprang up and threw himself at his feet. From that time on Augustus had such faith in his destiny, that he made his horoscope public and issued a silver coin stamped with the sign of the constellation Capricornus, under which he was born.

97 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]His death, too, of which I shall speak next, and his deification after death, were known in advance by unmistakable signs. As he was bringing the lustrum148 to an end in the Campus Martius before a great throng of people, an eagle flew several times about him and then going across to the temple hard by, perched above the first letter of Agrippa's name. On noticing this, Augustus bade his colleague recite the vows which it is usual to offer for the next five years for although he had them prepared and written out on a tablet, he declared that he would not be responsible for vows which he should never pay. 2 At about the same time the first letter of his name was melted from the inscription on one of his statues by a flash of lightning; this was interpreted to mean that he would live only a hundred days from that time, the number indicated by the letter C, and that he would be numbered with the gods, since aesar (that is, the part of the name Caesar which was left) is the word for god in the Etruscan tongue.

98 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]Then after skirting the coast of Campania and the neighbouring islands, he spent four more days at his villa in Capreae, where he gave himself up wholly to rest and social diversions…

4  Noticing from his dining-room that the tomb of this Masgaba, who had died the year before, was visited by a large crowd with many torches, he uttered aloud this verse, composed offhand:

"I see the founder's tomb alight with fire";

5  Presently he crossed over to Naples, although his bowels were still weak from intermittent attacks. In spite of this he witnessed a quinquennial gymnastic contest which had been established in his honour, p281and then started with Tiberius for his destination.153 But as he was returning his illness increased and he at last took to his bed at Nola, calling back Tiberius, who was on his way to Illyricum, and keeping him for a long time in private conversation, after which he gave attention to no business of importance.

99 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]On the last day of his life

100 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]He died in the same room as his father Octavius, in the consulship of two Sextuses, Pompeius and Appuleius, on the fourteenth day before the Kalends of September at the ninth hour, just thirty-five days before his seventy-sixth birthday.

101 [Legamen ad paginam Latinam]He had made a will in the consulship of Lucius Plancus and Gaius Silius on the third day before the Nones of April, a year and four months before he died, in two note-books, written in part in his own hand and in part in that of his freedmen Polybius and Hilarion.

(Suetonius, The Lives of the Caesars, The Life of Augustus)


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