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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word
is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)
Created 5923[(*??*)] 05 13 2027 [2011-09-13]
Updated 5924[(*??*)] 11
04 2028
[2012-02-26]
The Moon Comet
A Section out of the Book
Der Kleine Kosmos… by J. W. Schmitz, pp. 51-54,
[a
transcript w. modern font here] (1852)…
Abstract:
Even though I may find the section The Moon Comet, in Schmitz’ book
being fraught with logical errors, and thus largely unreliable, I do find a
number of points of lasting value for me in consequence of having had the
privilege of studying this section in Schmitz’ book. As follows:
1. Schmitz is providing a
number of more or less unspecific references to events of the past, primary re
comets that are being said to have been causing solar eclipses during the last
millennium, events which I’ve rarely, if ever, seen or heard mentioned
elsewhere, but which events may well be worthy of a more in depth study. If
indeed such events did happen, then it might well be important to be able to
predict such events, and to make preparations accordingly.
2. This passage is
offering the reader an excellent, and very valuable, example re the importance
of always tying back one’s studies to the most original source that is at all
available. In this particular section this would refer to the importance of
studying the original Greek report of Phrantzae and its relationship to the
real time events themselves as accessible through astronomical software and
data banks such as Fred Espenak’s NASA website etc.. Failing such an in depth study of the primary sources, by
relying instead on intermediary authorities and translations, as obviously
Schmitz has done, is bound to lead to false conclusions and less than desirable
consequences.
3. The fact that Schmitz,
in this section of his, is primarily focusing upon the comet related by Georgii
Phrantzae, and upon some species of eclipse, has been serving as an incentive
for me to study some of the more original sources describing this event.
Comparing e.g. Phrantzae’s Greek text with the subsequent Latin translations,
and then with the tertiary translations into German, I notice the inevitable
accumulation of errors and misconceptions in every step away from the original
source. Serious consequences of the within example includes e.g.: 1)
Interpretations providing an incentive to war against the Muslim nations being
associated with the half Moon, and 2) the false teachings so very prevalent,
yes, even universal, within the educational systems at all levels in our own
society, that is, not only in ages past, but, even more so, in our very own
midst.
4. Anyone who takes time
for a thorough and in depth study of original sources is bound to acquire a
taste for more of the same work. By so doing, the motivation for becoming ever
more in touch with reality, as it really was and is, is bound to grow, to the
betterment of all of us…
5.
By identifying and correctly and exactly date the historical records of
celestial events of past centuries and millennia, we may each and all
gradually stand upon a more stable and reliable foundation, thus making us
better prepared for meeting the unknowns of the future. It goes without saying
that being totally unprepared may have serious consequences, and, when such is
the situation, there is good cause for worry and concern. Yet, the answers are
not found in a persistent blind focus upon our own ignorance and worries, lest
such concerns become self-fulfilling prophecies. No, the answers are found in
looking back towards the causes of things and to learn the relevant basics.
Important examples of serious misconceptions of our past that may be recognized
as the cause for much suffering and strife may be the following: 1) Those
misconceptions which are intimately tied to the Holy Scriptures and e.g. the timing of the crucifixion and
resurrection of Jesus of Nasaret; 2) serious
misconceptions re
historical events recorded in the Old Testament, e.g. re the Book of Daniel
etc., and 3) those misinterpretations that dominate and serve as the platform
for the greater part of modern history writing, most particularly re Ptolemy’s
Canon of Kings and Almagest.
6. In consequence of the
above said one should be better prepared for recognizing one’s own
deficiencies, as well as those of our society at large, and thus to recognize
also the serious dangers inherent in relying upon any so called “authorities,”
created as they are, not by God, the Creator of all, but by men who generally
are too busy for finding time or motivation for a deeper and more exact
understanding of the foundations of each our day to day present time reality.
Specifically, this certainly applies also to those men and women who are
forming and shaping the educational system, especially, and our society at
large, generally, of each our own State or nation…
7. In consequence of the
above said one should be able to better recognize the essential importance for
each of us to be motivated to study each our own basics, and to receive,
appreciate, and apply those truths and insights re reality as it really was and
is. Only then will one ever be able to approach a life free from undesirable
control by other people and “authorities”. Cf. Ezekiel, chapter 9, and
Revelation 18:4, and, yes, why not compare those two passages with the article The
Hiroshima Miracle!
A Section from the Book
Der Kleine
Kosmos…
by J. W. Schmitz, pp. 51-54,
[A transcript w. modern
font here] (1852)
The Moon Comet, traveling in a path inclined 32 degrees [relative to the plane of the solar system / Brackets added throughout by the translator] and with a period of 3 years, was observed in the years 1066, 1068, 1071, 1080, 1093, 1096, 1099, 1103, 1109, 1115, 1146, 1168, 1206, 1211, 1217, 1256, 1264, 1285, 1300, 1303, 1312, 1337, 1363, 1380, 1433, 1450, 1511, 1517, 1523, 1529, 1532, 1548, 1578, 1590, 1718, 1770, 1790, 1811, 1825,[1] and was offering its most spectacular views while within a distance of the sun less than the radius of Earth’s path around the Sun. In the year 1066 it first became visible at the time of its greatest illumination when it suddenly appeared on the evening sky while for 14 days trailing the setting sun. In 1090 or 1091 it passed between the Earth and the Sun during a 3 hour long eclipse. Subsequent to the darkness the light of the Sun still retained a striking quality; probably while the coma of the comet, invisible as it was in the day time, was still covering the sun. The same comet again eclipsed the sun in 1096, and then again in 1206 for 6 hours, presumably while its coma was passing by. In 1433 the comet eclipsed the sun for only half an hour.
In 1450 the famous lunar eclipse, caused by this comet, took place. (According to the words of Phrantzae, the historian,) a comet appeared over the horizon each evening after sunset, which traveled beneath the disc of the full Moon, while, in so doing, causing an eclipse in accord with the common order and motions of celestial bodies. For the duration of this multi day appearance the comet was seen in the shape of a rectangular body, and said author added: that some, who saw the comet move from West to East, and its approach and eclipse of the Moon, interpreted
- 52 -
the event as follows: the Christian princes must arm themselves and then draw towards the Orient to make war against the half Moon. Thus the eclipse was seen as clearly as possible, while day by day the comet was approaching ever closer (cf. “Weltall” [Engl.: “Universe”] p. 223.)
This eclipse must also necessarily have been caused by the comet passing over the disc of the Moon, and it is a laughable allegation, that, at this very time, when the comet was approaching the lunar disc, the Earth shadow should [also] have been present, and thus to cause a common lunar eclipse. Such an eclipse would then, even as much as today, have been foreseen and known by the historian and by all the other observers alike; just the same as, at that time, the discoverer of America knew how to take advantage of a predicted eclipse.
It is unbelievable how frequently
the attraction theorists attempt to hush up an event that shows that a comet
can pass between the Moon and the Earth without being attracted.[2]
The author of Kosmos also takes up the cudgels against this phenomenon. He lets
Phrantzae (albeit by means of a
later translation of 1796) bring out the comet as something like a fog,
rather than as something in the form of a rectangle, and lets the event
coincide with a common lunar eclipse in 1454,[3] which, however, is not the year of
this comet, but of Bessel’s comet.[4]
When Phrantzae, according to the older and better[5] translation
says: The comet passed under[6]
the Moon and thus it caused an eclipse, in accordance with the common events of
the celestial bodies, that is, as the comet passed from West to East (plenum lunae orbem subiens, eclipsing
efficiebat juxta ordinem et motum solitum luminum coelestium,)[7] then it is clearly stated, that it
was the comet that was seen that caused the eclipse, while the comet and the other celestial
bodies retained their common paths from West to East;[8] and certainly this cannot be
understood the other way around, that is, that not the comet, but, at that very
-
53 -
time, when the comet approached the Moon, the common movements of the celestial bodies caused an eclipse; as does the author of Kosmos with these certain words: that a lunar eclipse, completely in accord with that which is common, took place.
What can be
said more clearly than that it was the comet, which every evening (quotquot vesperis,)[9]
was brought closer to the Moon, [10] that was the cause of the eclipse:
efficiebat? How much longer
would not an eclipse caused by the shadow of the Earth have lasted, than that
of a tiny comet!
How brightly the comet would have shone, that one that was already so bright
even while next to the bright full Moon, when suddenly it would have been
shining all alone from the pitch dark heavens without the competition of the
full Moon! But the comet, which was passing below the disc of the Moon (plenum lunae orbem subiens,) would necessarily[11] have had to have been eclipsed together with
the Moon by the 3 to 4 times wider shadow of the Earth. How clearly and in how much
detail could not then this new miracle have been described, when a cometary
coma without a comet had been seen etc.! And the interpretation by people
generally, which, as with that of the comet, was being understood in terms of
the Christian princes being victorious over the Half Moon, would then have been
quite the opposite. In the face of all those contradictions the deviations from
truth must necessarily step aside for the truth itself. Not only in 1450,[12] but also in 1770, did this comet pass between
the Moon and the Earth, as observed also by Lichtenberg,[13] who, in consequence thereof, has been accused
for this heresy.
Also in the year 1102 must this comet have been
present between the Earth and the Moon. Its long Period from 1099 to 1103
suggests[14] that it may have been moving for some time as
a second satellite or moon of the Earth: It is said that the comet with long
intervals was suddenly changed from one location to another: locum suum longo interstitio
saltibus mutantem (Hevel,[15] Vol. 12,
p. 821).
So long as this comet remained within
-
54 -
a distance to the sun less than that of the Earth, it was being observed
with an [apparent retrograde] motion on this side of the Sun, just as does
Mercury and Venus, when those planets are located on this side of the Sun.
When, however, in the year 1811, this comet (the smaller of the 2 comets of
that year) was located 1 ½ Earth distances from the Sun, it was observed with a
direct motion, and its diameter was 93, according to others 107, German miles,[16] corresponding to ¼ of that of the Moon,[17] and to 1/17 of that of the Earth.[18] This is very different[19] from the attraction calculation which assessed
its mass, based upon the comet’s attraction upon the Earth and the Moon, to no
more than 1/5000th of that of the Earth.
(Thanks Heidi and Rose-May for helping better
understand this German text!)
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[1] [Translator’s note:] Cf. my Excel-file entitled: “ToyingWithNumbersAndYearsReSchmitzText.xls”
[2] [Translator’s note:] I believe Schmitz’ intended meaning is “attracted
and absorbed by one of them,” that is, because it is obvious that each and all
bodies within the universe is imposing a gravitational pull upon all others.
However, only very rarely does this imply that those bodies merge or collide.
Indeed, I find Schmitz’ reasoning at this point characterized by serious flaws!
In particular I find Schmitz pointing the proverbial finger of accusation
against certain “attraction theoreticians,” whose works Schmitz obviously does
not fully comprehend, while forgetting his own much more serious flaws of
thought. – But that is not to say that I do not agree with his contention re
the common tendency among scholars to suppress important scientific facts. However,
that fact does not excuse anyone for making false accusations, such as these
against said “attraction theoreticians!”
[3] [Translator’s note:] An
in depth study of Georgii Phrantzae’s Greek text and the related reality as
best available to me through my Starry Night Backyard astronomy software etc.
provides evidence for said comet of Phrantzae being visible throughout the fall
of 1453 and into the beginning of January 1454. Per my SNB software said comet
of Georgii Phrantzae is none other than Halley’s Comet, which, as best I can
tell, is one and the same as “the comet of Bessel.” Upon discovering that Wikipedia
is providing different years for Halley’s Comet, than does my other sources, I
tend towards discrediting Wikipedia’s sources, but this particular may require
some further in depth study…
[4] [Translator’s note:] See Franz Friedrich
Wilhelm Bessel (cf. this link and this link) who is known for his improved calculations re
Halley’s comet and its path:
”1804 führte er eine neue und bessere Berechnung der Bahn des Halleyschen
Kometen durch und überreichte sein Manuskript auf der Straße dem bekannten
Bremer Astronomen Wilhelm Olbers, der Bessels große Begabung für die Astronomie
offenbar erkannte und fortan sein Förderer und sogar Freund wurde.” (Från OstDeutsche Biographie).
[5] [Translator’s note:] Schmitz’ note re the older Latin translation from
Greek being better than the more recent one is obviously based upon little more
than his own flawed hypotheses and upon his desire for finding support for his
own misconceptions.
[6] [Translator’s note:] Obviously Schmitz is choosing to understand the
Latin translation of Phrantzae’s words in terms of the comet passing proximal
to the Moon, rather than the optional, and preferable, “below” in reference to
a position between the Moon and the local horizon. This is almost certainly a
misconception on the part of Schmitz. Cf. this
link!
[7] [Translator’s note:] The Latin words within this parenthesis of J W
Schmitz are taken from the
older translation. I notice that the Latin words within the parenthesis are
not an exact quote, that is, the words “in orben” within “solitum in orben luminum…” are being omitted.
The corresponding Latin words of the newer Latin translation
are “qui quum prope lunam esset, pleno
lumine splendentem, accidit, ut defection lunae fieret, secundum
ordines et circuitum rerum coelestium, ut solet fieri.”
My best available English translation of this newer Latin translation (1796)
is: “when the full moon was
past, it so happened that it [the comet] became eclipsed by the moon according to the order and orbit of
the heavenly stars, as is the custom.”
Cf. this
link!
[8] [Translator’s note:] If I am not totally mistaken, most celestial
bodies are moving from East to West from hour to hour as well as from evening
to evening, etc.. The Moon, on the other hand, when
viewed on an evening to evening basis, and in relation to the rest of the
celestial bodies, is moving in the opposite direction. (The planets’ apparent
motions relative to the fixed stars vary from time to time.) – This, if I am
not mistaken, represents yet another serious mistake on the part of Schmitz!
[9] [Translator’s note:] As above, so also these Latin words come out of
the older translation. Cf. footnote #7!
[10] [Translator’s note:] I believe that reality as it
really is, is quite the opposite, that is, the Moon was constantly approaching
the point on the sky where the comet was then located. Not the other way
around, that is, not according to the situation here portrayed per Schmitz!
[11] [Translator’s note:] Notice that either Schmitz is 1)
taking for granted that the comet was located between the Earth and the Moon
after all; or else 2) he is not aware of the fact that a distant celestial
body, far beyond the Moon, can never be eclipsed by the cone shaped shadow of
the Earth, which shadow does not reach very far beyond the Moon!...
It follows that neither one argument, nor the other, among Schmitz’s proposed
options have any validity or strength! Flawed reasoning!
[12] [Translator’s note:] There is no doubt re this comet
of Schmitz being the same comet that Phrantzae is describing. Furthermore,
after having studied the
particulars in depth, I find that Phrantzae’s comet was visible from the
late part of summer 1453 until past the New Year of 1454. Per my Starry Night
Backyard astronomy software I find Phrantzae’s comet almost certainly being one
and the same as Halley’s Comet, however I notice that Wikipedia is providing
different years for Halley’s visits than does my SNB software… Having learned
before of Wikipedia’s chosen adherence to tradition, even in the face of
obvious facts of reality, and their refusal to accept any articles re primary
research, I tend to discredit Wikipedia’s sources re the historical visits of
Halley’s Comet!
There is much that’s gone wrong in conventional chronology re ancient
centuries and millennia! Accordingly, there are many values to be discovered by
each one willing to seek the truth for him or herself! Cf. Revelation 3:20!
It is obvious the Schmitz is building his misconceptions, particularly
re the year of Phrantzae’s comet, from subordinate translations and
interpretations, e.g. from Lichtenberg’s German text, and that Lichtenberg, in
his turn, is basing his misconceptions upon the first Latin translation of
Phrantzae’s Greek text… Indeed, it is all in accord with the natural laws
pertaining to the well-known children’s whispering game, and to the natural
laws pertaining to all gossip. Unfortunately for Schmitz his scenarios do not
seem to be in harmony with the order and movements governing all real celestial
bodies!
[13] [Translator’s note:] ”The comet, which in 1450 passed
between the Earth and the Moon, has, by means of its shadow, by which it
eclipsed the full Moon, proven, that it is a dark and non-transparent body,
which has its light from the Sun.”
Per the original German text of Lichtenberg:
"Der Comet, welcher im Jahre 1450 seinen Lauf zwischen der Erde und dem
Monde genommen, hat durch seinen Schatten, mit dem er den vollen Mond verfinstert, bewiesen, daß er ein
dunkler und undurchsichtiger Körper sey, der sein Licht von der Sonne
habe."
Ref.: Georg Christoph Lichtenberg, Schriften und
Briefe: Kommentar zu Band I und II: 63 (Carl. Hanser Verlag, München-Wien, 1992.)
[14] [Translator’s note:] Notice that the three year period mentioned
by Schmitz, if indeed it does have a real time correspondence, is not likely
exactly 3.00 year / period. Let’s say that the period in reality had been at
that time, say 3.14 years (i.e. (1015 – 1093) / 7 = 3.14,) well, in that case,
if a certain point in its path was reached near the end of 1099, then it
follows that the next time the same point is being passed will necessarily be
the beginning of 1103! Schmitz’ argument is thus seriously deficient in this
particular!
Cf. my Excel-file entitled: “ToyingWithNumbersAndYearsReSchmitzText.xls”
[15] [Translator’s note:] This is likely a reference to Johannes Hevelius, and possibly also to one among the following works??:
1. Prodromus
cometicus (1665)
2. Prodromus
astronomiae (c.1690) an unfinished work
posthumously published by Johannes wife Catherina Elisabetha
Koopman Hevelius in three
books including: [34][35]
* Prodromus,
preface and unpublished observations
* Catalogus
Stellarum Fixarum (dated
1687), catalog of 1564 stars
* Firmamentum
Sobiescianum sive Uranographia (dated 1687),
an atlas of constellations, 56 sheets, corresponding to his
catalog, contains seven new constellations delineated by him which are still in
use (plus some now considered obsolete)
3. ”Karl Christian Bruhns: Johannes
Hevelius. In: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie (ADB).
Band 12, Duncker
& Humblot, Leipzig 1880, S. 341–343.”
[16] [Translator’s
note:] The diameter 93 Meile corresponds to 1 Meile = 7 km, while the diameter 107 Meile
corresponds to 1 Meile = 8 km. According to the German Wikipedia page, the Mile was of
different length i different regions of Germany, i.e. varying from 3.78 km to
10.044 km, and with the great majority falling within 7.419-7.533 km.
[17] [Translator’s
note:] The Moon diameter is 3476 km.
[18] [Translator’s
note:] Earth’s diameter is 12756 km.
[19] [Translator’s note:] If said comet is 750 km in diameter, and if
V = ( 4 * π * r3 )
/ 3 ; well, then it follows that the volume = 0.00020 Earth volumes, i.e.
1/5000 of the Earth’s volume (Note however that volume and mass are two
separate things!)
It is obvious that Schmitz, the
author, made an error in his own calculations, or isn’t that so?!!!