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Statement of belief: “Sanctify them through thy truth: thy word
is truth.” (John 17:17 KJV)
Last edited 5923[(*??*)]07 11
2027 [2011-11-07]
שׁנתים - "Two years"
What does it mean?
- "Two full years" (as usually
translated)
OR
"one year
plus" or “second year” - as required for the passages to compute correctly
OR
plural of שׁנת "sleep?"
________________________
These are all (7) the biblical text passages:
1.
Gen
Gen
2.
Gen 41:1 ויהי
מקץ שׁנתים
ימים ופרעה
חלם והנה עמד
על־היאר׃
Gen 41:1 And it came to pass1961 at the end4480, 7093 of two full years,8141, 3117 that Pharaoh6547 dreamed:2492 and, behold,2009 he stood5975 by5921 the river.2975
3.
Gen 45:6 כי־זה
שׁנתים הרעב
בקרב הארץ
ועוד חמשׁ
שׁנים אשׁר
אין־חרישׁ
וקציר׃
Gen 45:6 For3588 these2088 two years8141 hath the famine7458 been in7130 the land:776 and yet5750 there are five2568 years,8141 in the which834 there shall neither369 be earing2758 nor harvest.7105
4.
2Sa
2Sa
5.
Jer
28:3 בעוד
שׁנתים ימים
אני משׁיב
אל־המקום הזה
את־כל־כלי
בית יהוה אשׁר
לקח נבוכדנאצר
מלך־בבל
מן־המקום הזה
ויביאם בבל׃
Jer 28:3 Within5750 two full years8141, 3117 will I589 bring again7725 into413 this2008 place4725 (853) all3605 the vessels3627 of the LORD's3068 house,1004 that834 Nebuchadnezzar5019 king4428 of Babylon894 took away3947 from4480 this2008 place,4725 and carried935 them to
6.
Jer
28:11 ויאמר
חנניה לעיני
כל־העם לאמר
כה אמר יהוה ככה
אשׁבר את־על
נבכדנאצר
מלך־בבל בעוד
שׁנתים ימים מעל־צואר
כל־הגוים
וילך ירמיה
הנביא לדרכו׃
Jer 28:11 And Hananiah2608 spoke559 in the presence5869 of all3605 the people,5971 saying,559 Thus3541 saith559 the LORD;3068 Even so3602 will I break7665 (853) the yoke5923 of Nebuchadnezzar5019 king4428 of Babylon894 from4480, 5921 the neck6677 of all3605 nations1471 within the space of5750 two full years.8141, 3117 And the prophet5030 Jeremiah3414 went1980 his way.1870
7.
Amo
1:1 דברי
עמוס
אשׁר־היה
בנקדים מתקוע
אשׁר חזה על־ישׂראל
בימי עזיה
מלך־יהודה
ובימי ירבעם בן־יואשׁ
מלך ישׂראל שׁנתים
לפני הרעשׁ׃
Amo 1:1 The words1697 of Amos,5986 who834 was1961 among the herdsmen5349 of Tekoa,4480, 8620 which834 he saw2372 concerning5921 Israel3478 in the days3117 of Uzziah5818 king4428 of Judah,3063 and in the days3117 of Jeroboam3379 the son1121 of Joash3101 king4428 of Israel,3478 two years8141 before6440 the earthquake.7494
___________
Shilo Pocket
Dictionary
definitions:
שׁנית: for the second time; again
שׁנימ: two
שׁתימ: two
שׁנת: sleep
שׁנת: notch
שׁנתי: yearly, annual
___________
Strong's Dictionary:
H8141
שׁנה
שׁנה
shâneh shânâh
shaw-neh', shaw-naw'
(The first form being in plural only, the second form being feminine);
from H8138; a year (as a revolution
of time): - +
whole age, X long, + old, year (X -ly).
H8138
שׁנה
shânâh
shaw-naw'
A primitive root; to fold, that is, duplicate (literally or figuratively (); by implication to transmute
(transitively or intransitively): - do (speak, strike) again, alter, double,
(be given to) change, disguise, (be) diverse, pervert, prefer, repeat, return,
do the second time.
H8150
שׁנן
shânan
shaw-nan'
A primitive root; to point (transitively
or intransitively); intensively to pierce; figuratively to inculcate: - prick, sharp (-en), teach
diligently, whet.
H8145
שׁני
shênîy
shay-nee'
From H8138; properly double, that is, second; also adverbially again: - again, either [of them], (an-)
other, second (time).
H8147
שׁתּים שׁנים
shenayim shettayim
shen-ah'-yim, shet-tah'-yim
(The first form being dual of H8145; the second form being feminine); two; also (as ordinal) twofold: - both, couple, double, second, twain, + twelfth, + twelve, + twenty (sixscore) thousand, twice, two.
H8127
שׁן
shên
shane'
From H8150; a tooth (as sharp); specifically (for H8143) ivory; figuratively a cliff: - crag, X forefront, ivory, X sharp, tooth.
H8128
שׁן
shên
shane
(Chaldee); corresponding to H8127; a tooth: - tooth.
H8129
שׁן
shên
shane
The same as H8127; crag; Shen, a palce
in Palestine: - Shen.
H8130
שׂנא
śânê'
saw-nay'
A primitive root; to hate (personally): - enemy, foe, (be) hate (-ful,
-r), odious, X utterly.
H8131
שׂנא
śenê'
sen-ay'
(Chaldee); corresponding to H8130: - hate.
________
Compare these words:
H8139
שׁנה
shenâh
shen-aw'
(Chaldee); corresponding to H8142: - sleep.
H8140
שׁנה
shenâh
shen-aw'
(Chaldee); corresponding to H8141: - year.
H8141
שׁנה
שׁנה
shâneh shânâh
shaw-neh', shaw-naw'
(The first form being in plural only, the second form being feminine);
from H8138; a year (as a revolution
of time): - +
whole age, X long, + old, year (X -ly).
H8142
שׁנא
שׁנה
shênâh shênâ'
shay-naw', shay-naw'
(The second form used in Psa_127:2); from H3462; sleep: - sleep.
H8153
שׁנת
shenâth
shen-awth'
From H3462; sleep: - sleep.
H3462
ישׁן
yâshên
yaw-shane'
A primitive root; properly to be
slack or languid, that is, (by implication) sleep (figuratively to die); also to grow old, stale
or inveterate: - old (store), remain long, (make to) sleep.
H3463
ישׁן
yâshên
yaw-shane'
From H3462; sleepy: - asleep, (one out of) sleep (-eth, -ing), slept.
H3465
ישׁן
yâshân
yaw-shawn'
From H3462; old: - old.
___________
What's the common denominator in all these Hebrew words?
Isn't it שׁן, tooth?
What does a tooth do? How about:
-Divide in two?
-Duplicate? -
-Fold?
-Reduplicate?
-Revolution in time?
Thus "two" is inherent in the word, is
it not?
What does sleep do?
Does it not divide one day from another?
What is a year if not a reduplication of seasons?
But, perhaps more importantly, does the dividing
of a period of time necessarily divide it into two complete entities, or may a
division occur before both periods of time have come to completion? I.e. do I
have to wait until the last, current, or second year has come to its completion
before I identify it in terms separating it from its predecessor, i.e. from the
prior year(s).
Similarly perhaps, do I have to completely
separate myself from my beloved family members before I may identify myself as
one, as unique, as me, myself, or I?
I.e. what is the meaning of the word "hate?"
___________
Let's look at some computations associated with the word שׁנתים!
1.
Was Arphaxad born...
a) two full years after the end of the flood?
b) two full years after the beginning of the flood?
c) more than
one full year after the end of the flood?
d) in the second year after the end of the flood?
e) more than
one full year after the beginning of the
flood?
f) in the second
year after the beginning of the flood?
g) using
accession year reckoning: in Year Two?
Can it be determined which of the above, a-g, is
the one and only correct numerical translation, and with it, which is the only one
and the necessary meaning of the Hebrew word שׁנתים?
Gen 5:32 And Noah5146 was1961 five2568 hundred3967 years8141 old:1121 and Noah5146 begot3205 (853) Shem,8035 (853) Ham,2526 and Japheth.3315
Gen 7:6 And Noah5146 was six8337 hundred3967 years8141 old1121 when the flood3999 of waters4325 was1961 upon5921 the earth.776
Gen 11:10 These428 are the generations8435 of Shem:8035 Shem8035 was a hundred3967 years8141 old,1121 and begot3205 (853) Arphaxad775 two years8141 after310 the flood:3999
If Shem was "a hundred years old" one
hundred years after "Noah was five hundred years old..." when he,
Noah, "begot Shem," then Noah was six hundred years old when Shem was
one hundred years old, wasn't he?!
But then "Shem was a hundred years old"
while at the same time "Noah was six hundred years old when the flood of
waters was upon the earth," wasn't he?
It follows from the above that the event
described by the words "Shem... begot3205 (853) Arphaxad775 two years8141 after310 the flood" is simultaneous with the event described: "when the flood of waters was upon the earth," does it not?
Isn't this translation inconsistent with itself?
It is, isn't it!? Or else, how can Shem have been “a hundred years old… two
years after the flood?”
However, considering the further details given in
the text, i.e.:
Gen 7:11 In the
six8337 hundredth3967 year8141 of Noah's5146 life,2416 in the second8145 month,2320 the seventeenth7651, 6240 day3117 of the month,2320 the same2320 day3117 were all3605 the fountains4599 of the great7227 deep8415 broken up,1234 and the windows699 of heaven8064 were opened.6605
We notice that Noah was not yet 600 years old,
but 599 years old when the flood began. Likewise Shem was at that time not 100,
but 99 years old. The year following that one began when Noah became 600 years
old and Shem became 100 years old and "when the flood of waters was upon the earth," did it not?
This same latter year is not "two years8141 after310 the flood" began or ended then, is it?
The question then remaining is:
Re (Gen. 7:6:)
i) Is it true that “the flood of waters was upon the earth” more
than one full year after the beginning of the flood? (I.e. after the 17th day of the 2nd
month in the year following the calendar year within which the flood began?)
OR,
ii) is it true that “the flood of waters was upon the earth” in the second year after the beginning of the flood? (I.e. in Noah’s 602nd
year of life?)
OR ELSE,
iii) is it true that “the flood of waters was upon the earth” in
that year which began upon the completion of the calendar year during
which the flood began? (I.e. that year which began within
the Seventh Month?)
Gen 7:11 In the six8337 hundredth3967 year8141 of Noah's5146 life,2416 in
the second8145 month,2320 the
seventeenth7651, 6240 day3117 of the month,2320 the same2320 day3117 were all3605 the fountains4599 of the great7227 deep8415 broken up,1234 and the windows699 of heaven8064 were opened.6605
Gen 8:13 And it
came to pass1961 in the six8337 hundredth3967 and first259 year,8141 in the first7223 month, the first259 day of the month,2320 the waters4325 were dried up2717 from off4480, 5921 the earth:776 and Noah5146 removed5493 (853) the covering4372 of the ark,8392 and looked,7200 and, behold,2009 the face6440 of the ground127 was dry.2717
Gen 8:14 And in
the second8145 month,2320 on
the seven7651 and
twentieth6242 day3117 of the month,2320 was the earth776 dried.3001
I find that the last options i) and ii) above are
false, whereas option iii) holds true! Thus our question above may seem to be
resolved in favor of an answer in terms of Arphaxad having been born...
f) in the second
year after the beginning of the flood! (I.e. in that calendar year which began upon the
completion of the calendar year within which the flood began.)
However, none the above methods of reckoning are
consistent with the concept of accession time as used generally in the Holy
Scriptures. Upon considering accession time for each one’s birth, as well as
for the beginning of the flood, I find that the Book of Jasher resolves the
apparent problems re these particulars by its more particular details of timing
generally, and by specifically providing that Noah was 502 years old when Naama
bare Shem as Noah’s second son (cf. Book of Jasher 5:18.) Accordingly, I find
it consistent with all the known facts that Arphaxad was born in Shem’s 100th
year and in Noah’s 602nd calendar year of life, while also in Year
Two after the beginning of the Flood. (For details of these particulars, please
cf. the tag ‘6000+ years’ within my file The
Sacred Calendar of the Creator in Progress!) Accordingly, I find in the end
that the working solution to the above question is consistent only with
alternative g) above:
g) using
accession year reckoning: [Arphaxad was born] in Year Two [following the
beginning of the Flood within the accession year.]
In fact, because it is not really true that “the flood of waters
was upon the earth” (Gen 7:6) in the 1st month of the
601st year while the same statement is true for the 7th month in the 600th year, it
seems Gen 8:3-4, 13 may be evidence that Noah’s years were counted starting
with (or within!) the 7th month, not
with the 1st month, doesn’t it? [ – But
that is an argument based largely upon our initial assumption that alternative
f) provided the solution to the above dilemma re Arphaxad’s
birth in the 2nd year. When the accession time concept is
introduced, then this argument re the beginning of the year would be consistent
not only with the beginning of the year falling in the 7th moon, but
also with the beginning of the year falling in the 1st moon:]
Gen 8:3 And the waters4325 returned7725 from off4480, 5921 the earth776 continually:1980, 7725 and after the end4480, 7097 of the hundred3967 and fifty2572 days3117 the waters4325 were abated.2637
Gen 8:4 And the ark8392 rested5117 in the
seventh7637 month,2320 on the seventeenth7651,
6240 day3117 of
the month,2320 upon5921 the mountains2022 of Ararat.780
Gen 8:5 And the waters4325 decreased2637 continually1961, 1980 until5704 the tenth6224 month:2320 in the tenth6224 month, on the first259 day of the month,2320 were the tops7218 of the mountains2022 seen.7200
Gen 8:13 And it came to pass1961 in the six8337 hundredth3967 and first259 year,8141 in
the first7223 month, the first259 day of the month,2320 the waters4325 were
dried up2717 from
off4480, 5921 the
earth:776 and Noah5146 removed5493 (853) the covering4372 of the ark,8392 and looked,7200 and, behold,2009 the face6440 of the ground127 was dry.2717
[A spin off study re the length of the year:
Consider Gen. 8:5, 6, 10, 12, and 13! Then add these time periods one by one:
10 months + 40 days + 1 day of action + 7 days + 1 day of action + 7 days =
completion of the year and the beginning of the 1st month of the
next year! But 40+1+7+1+7=56 and 56 days / 2 = 28 days. This is evidence for
the length of the month at that time being exactly 28 days (Notice: Exactly 4 x
7 days for each lunar month! Not as now when the lunar month is 29.5 days
long.) and at least that particular year of the flood being counted as 12
months long. It is important to recognize that the length of the months thus
recorded as 28 days long pertains to the situation after the flood, not
necessarily before or during the flood, and that the situation could have
changed during the flood in consequence of whatever the mechanism instrumental
in causing the flood. In fact, this detail of the story may represent a most
important record to take notice of! Additionally, I notice that the one sign of
the spring mentioned in the text is the olive leaf plucked off by the dove. How
does this sign correlate to the ripening of the aviv as a sign preceding the
beginning of the First Moon of the year per the instructions given us by Mose?]
2.
Next let's consider a second biblical usage of
the Hebrew word שׁנתים:
Gen 41:30 And there shall arise6965 after310 them seven7651 years8141 of famine;7458 and all3605 the plenty7647 shall be forgotten7911 in the land776 of Egypt;4714 and the famine7458 shall consume3615 (853) the land;776
Gen 45:6 For3588 these2088 two years8141 hath the famine7458 been in7130 the land:776 and yet5750 there are five2568 years,8141 in the which834 there shall neither369 be earing2758 nor harvest.7105
Most people know that 2+5=7. Thus, we are left with three options:
a) These words by Joseph were spoken exactly at the beginning of the third year of
the years of famine, i.e. at sunset a few minutes before the New Moon crescent
was yet to be seen, if a Hebrew or Babylonian calendar was referenced by
Joseph, or else at sunrise of the Egyptian New Years
day.
b) The above words by Joseph were spoken in
reference to the then current second
year of the famine.
Though option a) may be theoretically possible,
it is not likely, is it?
Option b), on the other hand, is perfectly
consistent with what is possible and likely in the real world, while also
consistent with the usage of the same word in Genesis chapters 5, 7, and 11 above,
is it not? It is!
Thus, we have confirmation from within
Genesis itself that the Hebrew word שׁנתים, means not
"two full years" but "in the second year," or even more
correctly, in that calendar year that follows upon the completion of “the first
year,” or “year one,” which year in turn follows the accession year, the year
which includes the initiating event itself.
____________
Consistent with the above, the passages
originally quoted above are probably more correctly translated as follows:
1.
Gen
Gen
11:10 TLT These428 are the
generations8435 of Shem:8035 Shem8035 was a hundred3967 years8141 old,1121 and begot3205 (853) Arphaxad775 in year two8141 after310 [the beginning of] the
flood:3999
2.
Gen 41:1 ויהי
מקץ שׁנתים
ימים ופרעה
חלם והנה עמד
על־היאר׃
Gen
41:1 TLT And it came to pass1961 after the beginning4480, 7093 of the second summer,8141, 3117 that Pharaoh6547 dreamed:2492 and, behold,2009 he stood5975 by5921 the river.2975
3.
Gen 45:6 כי־זה
שׁנתים הרעב
בקרב הארץ
ועוד חמשׁ
שׁנים אשׁר
אין־חרישׁ
וקציר׃
Gen
45:6 TLT For3588 this2088 second consecutive harvesting season8141 hath the famine7458 been in7130 the land:776 and yet5750 there are five2568 years,8141 in the which834 there shall neither369 be earing2758 nor harvest.7105
4.
2Sa
2Sa
14:28 TLT So Absalom53 dwelt3427 two summers8141, 3117 in Jerusalem,3389 and saw7200 not3808 the king's4428 face.6440
5.
Jer
28:3 בעוד
שׁנתים ימים
אני משׁיב
אל־המקום הזה
את־כל־כלי
בית יהוה אשׁר
לקח
נבוכדנאצר
מלך־בבל
מן־המקום הזה
ויביאם בבל׃
Jer 28:3 TLT Within5750 two summers8141, 3117 will I589 bring again7725 into413 this2008 place4725 (853) all3605 the vessels3627 of the LORD's3068 house,1004 that834 Nebuchadnezzar5019 king4428 of Babylon894 took away3947 from4480 this2008 place,4725 and carried935 them to Babylon:894
6.
Jer
28:11 ויאמר
חנניה לעיני
כל־העם לאמר
כה אמר יהוה ככה
אשׁבר את־על
נבכדנאצר
מלך־בבל בעוד
שׁנתים ימים מעל־צואר
כל־הגוים
וילך ירמיה
הנביא לדרכו׃
Jer 28:11 TLT And Hananiah2608 spoke559 in the presence5869 of all3605 the people,5971 saying,559 Thus3541 saith559 the LORD;3068 Even so3602 will I break7665 (853) the yoke5923 of Nebuchadnezzar5019 king4428 of Babylon894 from4480, 5921 the neck6677 of all3605 nations1471 within5750 two summers.8141, 3117 And the prophet5030 Jeremiah3414 went1980 his way.1870
7.
Amos 1:1 דברי
עמוס
אשׁר־היה
בנקדים מתקוע
אשׁר חזה על־ישׂראל
בימי עזיה
מלך־יהודה
ובימי ירבעם בן־יואשׁ
מלך ישׂראל שׁנתים
לפני הרעשׁ׃
Amos
1:1 TLT The words1697 of Amos,5986 who834 was1961 among the herdsmen5349 of Tekoa,4480, 8620 which834 he saw2372 concerning5921 Israel3478 in the days3117 of Uzziah5818 king4428 of Judah,3063 and in the days3117 of Jeroboam3379 the son1121 of Joash3101 king4428 of Israel,3478 year two8141 before6440 the earthquake.7494
שׁתים
- "Two " or “more than one?”
What does it mean?
(Cf. Menahem Mansoor,
Contemporary Hebrew 1, p.
159!)
ויחי־למך
שׁתים ושׁמנים
שׁנה ומאת
שׁנה ויולד
בן׃ Genesis 5:28
Gen 5:28 And Lamech lived an hundred
eighty and two years, and begat a son:
Book of Jasher 2:37
Book of Jasher 2:37 And Mahlallel the son of Cainan
lived sixty-five years and he begat Jared; and Jared lived sixty-two years and
he begat Enoch.
Book of Jasher 4:11
Book of Jasher 4:11 TLT And Lamech was one hundred and eighty-one years old when he took Ashmua, the daughter of Elishaa
the son of Enoch his uncle, and she conceived.
Notice, within the above quoted passages, that the Genesis 5:28 word “שׁתים” is being used whereas the Book of Jasher 4:11 has “אחת.” Considering my findings regarding the respective meanings of the Hebrew words H3205 ‘ילד’ (English: ‘delivered’,) and H3947 ‘לקח’ (English ‘took’,) a reference to an act of decision prior to conception, I find no inconsistency between the Hebrew text of Genesis 5:28 and that of the Book of Jasher 4:11.
Furthermore, as to the question at
the heading of this section, I find that the word “שׁתים ” does
mean ‘two’ and not merely ‘more than one.’
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