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Created 5929± 11 21 2025 [2009-02-17]
Updated 5929± 11 21 2025 [2009-02-17]
Events of Importance During the Reign of Nebuchadnezzar
in Terms of Scriptural and Babylonian Calendar Reckoning
Abstract:
Points
#1-8 below were originally
written as part of an email to a friend at the
Adar 2 of Babylonian year 7
= Adar 2 of Scriptural year 8:
"And Jehoichin the king of
"In London’s British Museum, there
is a baked clay tablet (just under 3¼ inches) inscribed in cuneiform writing
(wedge-shaped characters) which records the activities of king Nebucadnezzar
between the years 605-594 B.C.
"In the entry which deals with the
7th year of the king (598-7 B.C.), mention is made that in the month of
Kislimu, the king of Akkad [Nebuchadnezzar] marched his army to Hatti-land
[Syria-Palestine] and encamped against the capital city of
(http://www.christiancourier.com/articles/244-nebuchadnezzar-archaeology)
Babylonian year 7 =
Scriptural year 8:
"This is not the first
archaeological discovery relating to the fall of
"Year 7 [597 BC] in Kislev the king of
"Babylonian Chronicle for the year
605–595 BC. First published by Donald J. Wiseman in 1956, it records the last
(21st) year of the reign of Nabopolassar and the first 11 years of his son
Nebuchadnezzar. Among Nebuchadnezzar’s accomplishments was the capture of
(http://www.biblearchaeology.org/post/2008/04/Nebo-Sarsekim-Found-in-Babylonian-Tablet.aspx)
Considerations:
Below is the corrected version of the original file with corrections indicated using red font on a green background:
- Nebuchadnezzar’s 37th year
of reign:
Babylonian calendar reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s
37th year of reign: “One of these anchor points, from which we can locate other
relative dates, is furnished by an astronomical tablet bearing a series of
observations dated in the 37th year of Nebuchadnezzar. These fix the year as
having begun on April 22/23, 568 BC, and ended on April 11/12, 567 BC. [Neugebauer and Weidner,
op. cit., pages 66, 67, 72.]” (The Chronology of Ezra Seven by Sigfried H. Horn
& Lynn H. Wood, p. 27.)
Biblical calendar reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s
37th year of reign: Tishri 22, 569 BCE through Tishri 21, 568 BCE.
- Nebuchadnezzar’s 19th year
of reign (4th and 5th months) = Zedekiah’s 11th
year of reign (4th and 5th months):
Biblical calendar reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s 19th
year of reign & Zedekiah’s 11th year of reign (2 Kings
25:2-4,6-9 (KJV.)): Tishri 22, 587 BCE through Tishri 21, 586 BCE.
- Nebuchadnezzar’s 8th year
of reign (4th and 5th months) = Jehoiachim’s 11th
year of reign = Jehoiachin’s accession year (a three months and
ten days long reign) =
Zedechiah’s accession year:
Biblical calendar reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s 8th
year of reign & Jehoiakim’s 11th year (2 Kings 23:36; 2 Chron.
36:4-7) & Zedekiah’s &
Jehoiachin’s accession year of reign (2 Kings 24:12 (KJV.)): Tishri 22, 598 BCE through Tishri 21, 597 BCE.
- Nebuchadnezzar’s 1st year
of reign = Jehoiachim’s 4th year of reign:
Babylonian calendar reckoning: Begun on Nisan 1
(spring,) 604 BC, and ended with Adar, 603 BC. [Neugebauer and Weidner, op. cit., pages
66, 67, 72.]” (The Chronology of Ezra Seven by Sigfried H. Horn & Lynn H.
Wood, p. 27.)
Biblical calendar reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s
1st year of reign (Jehoiakim’s 4th year of reign; Jer.
25:1,3,11-12): Tishri 22, 605 BCE through
Tishri 21, 604 BCE.
- Beginning of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign =
Jehoiachim’s 3rd year of reign:
Babylonian reckoning: Accession year of Nebuchadnezzar’s reign reckoned from either
Ab 8 (summer 605 BCE)
when Nabopolassar, Nebuchadnezzar’s father, died, or else from Elul 1 (3 weeks
after Ab 8) when Nebuchadnezzar was physically sitting upon the throne of
Biblical reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s
accession year began Ab (Month 5) 8 (or Elul (Month 6) 1,) 605 BCE (i.e. in Jehoiakim’s 3rd year of reign (Dan. 1:1;
2:1,)) and Nebuchadnezzar’s 1st year of reign (Jehoiakim’s 4th
year of reign; Jer. 25:1,3,11-12) began Tishri (Month 7) 22, 605 BCE going through Tishri 21, 604 BCE.
- Beginning of the 70 years of
Babylonian captivity (Jer. 25:1,3,11-12:)
Biblical reckoning: Nebuchadnezzar’s
accession year began Ab 8 (or Elul 1,) 605 BCE = The
accession year preceding the 1st
of the 70 years of Babylonian captivity. That is, the beginning, i.e. the 1st
year, of the 70 years are reckoned beginning with Tishri 22, 605 BCE, while the initial action relative to the Babylonian captivity
took place in the accession year preceding the 1st of the 70 years.
- The fall of
Babylonian calendar reckoning?:
Biblical reckoning: The 70th
year of Babylonian captivity (Including the brief accession year (3 months & 5 days) of Darius the Mede & Cyrus
of Persia (i.e. reckoned relative to the occupied Israel:)) Tishri 22, 536 BCE going through Tishri 21, 535 BCE = (?, i.e. unless those the
scribes of those tablets used biblical reckoning) Nabonidus’ 17th biblical year of reign and Belshazzar’s 14th biblical year of reign. But
in the end I find that Darius the Mede = Cyaxares and that he had recently
succeeded Astyages, who died. Thus, the reckoning used in Daniel is not
relative to
- Cyrus’ 1st year of reign:
Although
their relationship is not entirely clear, it is my
impression after studying my best available references that Cyrus ruled Babylon
as a General and Commander of the army under
Darius the Mede and that their years of reign (over
Israel) ran concurrently beginning with a brief accession year from Tishri 16
through Tishri 21, 634 BCE. It appears as though Darius the Mede may
have died in Adar 633, BCE (Cf. SDA Bible Student's Sourcebook [i.e. SDA Bible
Commentary,] Vol. 9, p.305; Source: Raymond Philip
Biblical reckoning: The 1st
year of reign of both Cyrus and Darius the Mede
began Tishri 22, 535 BCE going
through Tishri 21, 534 BCE.
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