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Updated 5928± 10 20 2024 [2007-12-31]

Thoroughly reviewed and revised as of 5941[(?)] 08 12 2027 [2010-11-18] – In consequence of my discovery of 19 CE – not 18 CE – being the year of crucifixion and resurrection, etc…

 

 

 

 

 

The Astronomical Basis for

Fitting this Model of the Crucifixion Week

into Today’s Calendar

 

 

Abstract:

 

By using certain web sites, and other references specified within, one may identify in which years Aviv 14 may have been a Tuesday – as required by this model, which model is founded upon the discovery that the week days of many events are defined within the Greek text of Textus Receptus.  The details of the study identifying those years, as based upon specified references, are outlined below:

 

 

 

 

Possible Crucifixion years, marked in red in the tables below, are defined by the following boundaries:

 

Chief criteria: Aviv 14 must be a Tuesday, starting Monday night, as based upon Aviv 1 [=> Wed, beginning Tue night] defined as follows:

Aviv, the 1st moon of the year, is determined based upon whether it occurs between the earliest and latest likely date as follows:

 

The earliest calculated Nisan 14 found is March 24, and the latest calculated Nisan 14 found is April 26 searching all the 1159 available years between 1580 CE and 2739 CE. (Cf. the Chabad web site's 660 year Hebrew Calendar) [However, notice that these dates are NOT aviv (ripened barley) dependent, which is a potential cause for error. To make up for the potential Aviv ripening variation, one lunation before and one lunation after the ones falling within the above interval are also considered.]

 

The possible date in a lunar month [biblical moon] is then determined using Fred Espenak's & NASA's Phases of the Moon table for 1 to 100 CE while also considering that the new moon is visible in Jerusalem either the day after astronomical new moon or the next day.  If the astronomical new moon occurs after 9 PM Jerusalem solar time then chances are borderline at best for visibility the next day. If the astronomical new moon occurs before noon Jerusalem solar time then visibility is more than likely the following day.  Remembering that the time of visibility of the new moon crescent is usually some time between 6 PM and 7 PM, the following statement is helpful in determining the actual New Moon day for a given month:

 

“In the Near East it takes 16.5 to 42 hours after conjunction [Parker, The Calendars of Ancient Egypt, page 4], depending on whether her movements in relation to her distance from the earth are fast or slow-before the moon becomes visible again in the form of a thin crescent, waxing larger and larger until the time of the full moon.”  Horn, Siegfrid, The Chronology of Ezra Seven, p. 11.

 

Time and Date.com's Calendar for any year since 1 CE is used for determining which weekday that corresponds to a given date (Greenwich Mean Time = UTC) given within Fred Espenak's & NASA's Phases of the Moon table for 1 to 100 CE (Cf. table below!). A simpler way of accomplishing the same is by means of this Julian Day Calculator [Use IE, Firefox won’t work for this calculator!]

 

[Israel is used for country/time zone. The location for Jerusalem is 31° 46' 00" N  035° 14' 00" E per “GNS Search” at: NGA's former web site for geographical names and locations. I presently use Google Earth for such purposes.  For sunrise and sunset cf. Steve Edwards' Griffith Observatory Awarded web site for the above Jerusalem coordinates.  The correction when changing UT to Jerusalem Solar time is +2 hours and 21 minutes (Cf. L. E. Doggett's & NASA's Calendar web page under Table 3.1.3.)] 

 

Entering these data into the table below yields the results marked in red font below, red bold font  for the possible moons within the above interval. Possible Aviv months considered for each year are those listed below under each of the years 15 through 37 CE.

 

 

Phases of the Moon: 1 to 100 CE  

©1998 by Fred Espenak

 Year      New Moon       First Quarter       Full Moon       Last Quarter     Delta T

          (Inserted. Cf. References above)       Weekday (of full moon)      Date of Aviv 14 (Day)

                                                                 and corresp. Weekdays for Aviv 14

 

   15                                                                                     

        Feb  7  17:20     Feb 14  12:24  12 Feb 22  14:59     Mar  2  11:38 Feb 22/23  

                                                                             Fri/Sat

        Mar  9  02:35 T   Mar 16  03:21   1 Mar 24  07:48 p   Mar 31  19:49 March 24(/25)  

                                                                             Sun(/Mon)

        Apr  7  11:32     Apr 14  19:45   2 Apr 22  21:57     Apr 30  01:28 April 22/23

                                                                             Mon/Tue

May  6  20:50     May 14  13:08   3 May 22  09:19     May 29  06:05 May (21)/22

                                                                (Tue)/Wed

 

 

   16                                                                                

        Feb 26  19:13 T   Mar  4  10:37  13 Mar 12  08:20 n   Mar 20  09:48 March (12)/13   

                                                                             (Thu)/Fri

        Mar 27  03:48     Apr  2  22:01   1 Apr 11  00:56     Apr 18  20:07 April 11  

                                                                             Sat

        Apr 25  11:19     May  2  11:33   2 May 10  15:45     May 18  03:25 May 10/11  

                                                                             Sun/Mon

 

   17                                                                                     

        Feb 15  09:36 A   Feb 22  03:48  12 Mar  1  10:17     Mar  9  12:55 March 2  

                                                                             Tue

        Mar 16  20:11     Mar 23  10:52   1 Mar 31  01:27     Apr  8  05:10 Mar(31)/Apr 1  

                                                                             (Wed)/Thu

        Apr 15  04:23     Apr 21  19:16   2 Apr 29  16:45     May  7  18:00 April 30  

                                                                             Fri

 

   18                                                                                                 

        Mar  6  08:07     Mar 13  07:19  13 Mar 20  06:40     Mar 28  04:11 March 21(22)  

                                                                             Mon(Tue)

        Apr  4  19:18     Apr 11  12:58   1 Apr 18  19:06     Apr 26  21:49 April (19)/20   

                                                                             (Tue)/Wed

        May  4  03:54     May 10  19:03   2 May 18  08:38     May 26  12:49 May 19

                                                                             Thu

 

   19                                                                                                 

        Feb 23  12:41     Mar  3  03:32  12 Mar  9  18:50     Mar 17  00:34 March 10/11   

                                                                             Fri/Sat

        Mar 25  04:00     Apr  1  10:42   1 Apr  8  04:06     Apr 15  18:33 April 9  

                                                                             Sun

        Apr 23  16:24     Apr 30  15:54   2 May  7  14:11     May 15  12:16 May 8/9

                                                                             Mon/Tue

 

   20                                                                                     

        Feb 12  12:28     Feb 20  15:40  12 Feb 27  10:54     Mar  5  04:00 Feb 27/28  

                                                                             Tue/Wed

        Mar 13  05:48     Mar 21  04:02   1 Mar 27  18:59     Apr  3  17:48 March 28  

                                                                             Thu

        Apr 11  21:43     Apr 19  12:33   2 Apr 26  02:47     May  3  09:12 April (26)/27

                                                                             (Fri)/Sat

 

   21                                                                                                 

        Mar  2  06:15     Mar 10  10:59  13 Mar 17  11:42     Mar 24  02:54 March 17(18)  

                                                                             Mon(Tue)

        Mar 31  22:12     Apr  9  01:20   1 Apr 15  19:31     Apr 22  13:06 April (15)/16  

                                                                             (Tue)/Wed

        Apr 30  14:09     May  8  11:47   2 May 15  02:43 t   May 22  01:17 May 15/16

                                                                             Thu/Fri

 

   22                                                                                     

        Feb 19  12:10     Feb 27  08:29  12 Mar  7  01:38     Mar 13  21:24 March 6/7  

                                                                             Fri/Sat

        Mar 21  01:05     Mar 29  03:20   1 Apr  5  11:50     Apr 12  03:31 April 5  

                                                                             Sun

        Apr 19  15:11 A   Apr 27  19:20   2 May  4  20:05 t   May 11  10:34 May 4/5 

                                                                             Mon/Tue

 

   23                                                                                     

        Feb  9  00:50     Feb 16  04:57  13 Feb 24  08:53     Mar  3  18:38 Feb 24  

                                                                             Wed

        Mar 10  10:55     Mar 17  23:24   1 Mar 25  23:14 n   Apr  2  00:31 March 25/26  

                                                                             Thu/Fri

        Apr  8  21:40 H   Apr 16  17:39   2 Apr 24  10:43 n   May  1  05:13 April (23)/24   

                                                                             (Fri)/Sat

May  8  09:33     May 16  10:53     May 23  19:45     May 30  10:25 May 23/(24)
                                                                                                     Sun/(Mon)

 

   24                                                                                                 

        Feb 28  02:09     Mar  5  23:26  13 Mar 14  03:15 p   Mar 21  20:06 March 14   

                                                                             Tue

        Mar 28  10:58 T   Apr  4  14:48   1 Apr 12  18:43     Apr 20  02:48 April 12/13   

                                                                             Wed/Thu

        Apr 26  19:46     May  4  07:28   2 May 12  07:25     May 19  07:41 May (11)/12   

                                                                             (Thu)/Fri

 

 

   25                                                                                     

        Feb 16  18:31 P   Feb 23  09:46 Sat Mar  3  03:17 t   Mar 11  06:58 March 3

                                                                             Sat  

        Mar 18  03:43 P   Mar 24  19:52 Sun Apr  1  20:13     Apr  9  19:06 April 2(3)

                                                                             Mon(Tue)

        Apr 16  11:30     Apr 23  07:58 Tue May  1  11:54     May  9  03:50 May 1/2

                                                                             Tue/Wed  

 

   26                                                                                                 

        Mar  7  19:14     Mar 14  11:22 Thu Mar 21  21:24     Mar 30  00:54 March 22

                                                                             Fri  

        Apr  6  04:25     Apr 12  18:41 Sat Apr 20  12:27     Apr 28  15:28 April 21

                                                                             Sun

May  5  11:43     May 12  03:53     May 20  03:37     May 28  02:45 May 20/(21)
                                                                    Mon/(Tue)

 

 

 

   27                                                                                                 

        Feb 25  05:09     Mar  4  08:30 Tue Mar 11  04:38     Mar 18  22:03 March 12

                                                                             Wed  

        Mar 26  17:53     Apr  2  14:14 Wed Apr  9  16:21     Apr 17  16:31 April 10/11

                                                                             Thu/Fri

        Apr 25  03:35     May  1  19:46 Fri May  9  05:03     May 17  08:55 May 10

                                                                             Sat  

 

   28                                                                                     

        Feb 14  07:43     Feb 22  02:57 12  Feb 28  18:18     Mar  6  19:29 Feb 29

                                                                             Sun  

        Mar 15  00:21     Mar 22  11:29 Mon Mar 29  03:16     Apr  5  12:49 March 30  

                                                                             Tue

        Apr 13  14:06     Apr 20  17:27 Tue Apr 27  12:35     May  5  06:38 April 28/29

                                                                             Wed/Thu  

May 13  01:18     May 19  22:07     May 26  23:20     Jun  3  23:52 May 28/(29)
                                                                    Fri/(Sat)

 

 

   29                                                                                                 

        Mar  4  00:54     Mar 12  02:11 Fri Mar 18  19:04     Mar 25  14:20 March 19(20)

                                                                             Sat(Sun)  

        Apr  2  17:24     Apr 10  12:33 Sun Apr 17  02:41     Apr 24  04:40 April 17/18   

                                                                             Sun/Mon

        May  2  08:19     May  9  19:30 Mon May 16  10:33     May 23  20:29 May 17

                                                                             Tue  

 

   30                                                                                     

        Feb 21  02:17     Mar  1  05:55 Wed Mar  8  11:20     Mar 15  02:26 March 8

                                                                             Wed  

        Mar 22  17:42     Mar 30  22:14 Thu Apr  6  19:38     Apr 13  11:30 April 6/7

                                                                             Thu/Fri

        Apr 21  09:32     Apr 29  10:35 Sat May  6  02:55     May 12  22:21 May 6/(7)  

                                                                             Sat/(Sun)

 

   31                                                                                     

        Mar 11  22:17     Mar 19  21:36 Tue Mar 27  10:52     Apr  3  04:27 March (26)/27

                                                                             (Mon)/Tue 

        Apr 10  11:29     Apr 18  15:02 Wed Apr 25  19:56 p   May  2  10:38 April 25/26 

                                                                             Wed/Thu

May 10  01:57 A   May 18  05:36     May 25  03:30     May 31  18:29 May 25/(26)
                                                                    Fri/(Sat)

 

 

   32                                                                                                 

        Feb 29  09:52     Mar  7  17:41 Sat Mar 15  20:07     Mar 23  01:56 March 15/16

                                                                             Sat/Sun  

        Mar 29  19:57 P   Apr  6  11:53 Mon Apr 14  08:57 t   Apr 21  06:54 April (13)/14   

                                                                             (Sun)/Mon

        Apr 28  06:57 P   May  6  05:33 Tue May 13  19:06     May 20  11:29 May 13

                                                                             Tue

 

   33                                                                                     

        Feb 18  01:46     Feb 24  20:16 Wed Mar  4  22:15     Mar 12  19:33 March 5

                                                                             Thu  

        Mar 19  10:36 T   Mar 26  10:28 Fri Apr  3  14:47 p   Apr 11  03:41 April 3/4  

                                                                             Fri/Sat

        Apr 17  19:06     Apr 25  02:15 Sun May  3  04:51     May 10  09:16 May 2/3

                                                                             Sat/Sun  

 

   34                                                                                     

        Mar  9  03:23 T   Mar 15  18:33 Tue Mar 23  15:20 n   Mar 31  17:10 March 24  

                                                                             Wed

        Apr  7  11:39     Apr 14  05:14 Thu Apr 22  07:35     Apr 30  03:32 April 22/23  

                                                                             Thu/Fri

May  6  18:55     May 13  18:15     May 21  22:23     May 29  11:02 May 21/(22)
                                                                    Fri/(Sat)

 

 

   35                                                                                                 

        Feb 26  17:40 A   Mar  5  12:18 Sat Mar 12  17:44     Mar 20  19:50 March 13/14

                                                                             Sun/Mon  

        Mar 28  04:02     Apr  3  18:49 Mon Apr 11  08:20     Apr 19  12:00 April 12   

                                                                             Tue

        Apr 26  12:01     May  3  02:39 Tue May 10  23:15     May 19  00:58 May 11/12

                                                                             Wed/Thu  

 

 

   36                                                                                     

        Feb 16  01:22 P   Feb 23  09:26 Thu Mar  1  02:59     Mar  8  15:53 March 2

                                                                             Fri     

        Mar 16  15:43     Mar 23  15:36 Fri Mar 30  14:07     Apr  7  10:43 Mar 31/Apr 1

                                                                             Sat/Sun

        Apr 15  02:46     Apr 21  20:55 Sun Apr 29  02:00     May  7  04:13 April 30(May 1)

                                                                             Mon(Tue)  

 

   37                                                                                                 

        Mar  5  20:02     Mar 13  11:39 Wed Mar 20  02:46     Mar 27  07:27 March (20)/21  

                                                                             (Wed)/Thu

        Apr  4  11:08     Apr 11  18:42 Thu Apr 18  11:32     Apr 26  00:54 April 19/20

                                                                             Fri/Sat

        May  3  23:29     May 10  23:45 Sat May 17  21:12     May 25  18:26 May (18)/19

                                                                             (Sat)/Sun  

 

Year      New Moon       First Quarter       Full Moon       Last Quarter     Delta T

Phases of the Moon: 1 to 100

Permission [of the above table] is freely granted to reproduce this data when accompanied by an acknowledgment:

"Eclipse Predictions by Fred Espenak, NASA/GSFC"

 

 

 

 

 

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